Forced Exposure and Psychological Reactance: Antecedents and Consequences of the Perceived Intrusiveness of Pop-Up Ads

By Steven M. Edwards, Hairong Li, Joo Hyun Lee. 2002

1,029 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Marketing, Sociology and Political Science, Human-Computer Interaction

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0cc08701a4736f0b2424d3cbd5d16b25e3cd0c63

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Citations in the corpus

The Covert Advertising Recognition and Effects (CARE) model: Processes of persuasion in native advertising and other masked formats (2020, background): “In the same way that forced exposure ads, such as pop-up ads, may present a threat to individuals’ freedom to consume Web content without impediment (Edwards et al. 2002), covert advertising formats also do the same by disabling or weakening consumers’ ability to use clear format cues to identify…”
eWOM overload and its effect on consumer behavioral intention depending on consumer involvement (2008, background): “To measure this variable, four items regarding the perceptions of review information (informative; able to help you understand the product; useful to understand the product; able to offer necessary information) were asked [14,26].”
Go Green! Should Environmental Messages be So Assertive? (2012, background): “…assertive phrasing in persuasion have been extensively documented by researchers in communications, consumer behavior, and psycholinguistics (e.g., Dillard and Shen 2005; Dillard et al. 1997; Edwards, Li, and Lee 2002; Gibbs 1986; Holtgraves 1991; Quick and Considine 2008; Wilson and Kunkel 2000).”
Reinquiry into Advertising Avoidance on the Internet: A Conceptual Replication and Extension (2016, background): “…that consumers view online ads as intrusive, disruptive, and irritating, resulting in increased avoidance of online ads (Baek and Morimoto 2012; Edwards, Li, and Lee 2002) similar to that exerted on traditional advertising media (Bellman, Schweda, and Varan 2010; Prendergast, Tsang, and Cheng…”
Missing the Mark (2011, positive): “Other research in ad avoidance has found that there is increased reactance to ads that interrupt processing versus those that demand attention during a break in processing (Edwards, Li, and Lee 2002), and this could be related to differences between difficult and easy tasks.”
Getting too personal: Reactance to highly personalized email solicitations (2008, methodology): “In order to control for the possibility that respondents’ personal reactions to the “look and feel” of the personalized email may have influenced their responses (Edwards et al. 2002), respondents were asked, “How attractive is the Movies2Go email to you?””
Message fatigue: Conceptual definition, operationalization, and correlates (2017, background): “Indeed, Edwards, Li, and Lee (2002) reported that people expressed irritation toward exposure to unwanted advertisements.”
Do You Recognize Its Brand? The Effectiveness of Online In-Stream Video Advertisements (2015, background): “Research has also suggested that online ads perceived as more intrusive can attract attention and be better memorized, but at the same time the intrusiveness may result in irritation and negative attitudes (Edwards, Li, and Lee 2002; McCoy et al. 2008).”
Engineering Privacy (2009, background): “Pop-ups, e-mail, and SMS spam are now regularly considered to be privacy intrusions [58].”
A typology of consumer strategies for resisting advertising, and a review of mechanisms for countering them (2015, background): “Although some research demonstrates that forced exposure may lead to negative responses and negative associations with the advertiser (e.g., Edwards, Li, and Lee (2002), there are also studies suggesting that ‘any’ advertising exposure can be beneficial.”
When Does Retargeting Work? Information Specificity in Online Advertising (2013, methodology): “We then measure reactance to the ad using the scale developed by Edwards and Li (2002).”
Consumer attitudes towards Instagram advertisements in Egypt: The role of the perceived advertising value and personalization (2019, background): “For instance, Edwards, Li, and Lee (2002) indicated they can cause annoyance because of the nature of the advertised products, advertising intrusiveness as well as a perceived loss of control in one ’ behaviour.”