Face and facework in conflict: a cross-cultural comparison of China, Germany, Japan, and the United States

By John G. Oetzel, Stella Ting-Toomey, T. Masumoto, Y. Yokochi, Xiaohui Pan, Jiro Takai, Richard G. Wilcox. 2001

429 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2db5441d1a0bf217c315360cd892550318203c6c

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Citations in the corpus

Quiet or questioning? Students' discussion behaviors in student-centered education across cultures (2014, background): “…cultures for collectivistic communication styles, which tend to favor harmonious group relations, avoidance of conflict, and indirect communication as opposed to a more confrontational, direct, and outspoken style of individualistic cultures (Brew et al. 2011; Oetzel et al. 2001; Smith 2011).”
State of the art themes in cross-cultural communication research: A systematic and meta-analytic review (2014, background): “…face concerns held by those from high power distance societies would tend to be reflected in a tendency to communicate using more avoidance strategies, while those from low power distance societies would tend to communicate using more dominance and control strategies (Oetzel et al., 2001a, 2001b).”
The Relationship among Intercultural Communication Apprehension, Ethnocentrism, Uncertainty Reduction, and Communication Satisfaction during Initial Intercultural Interaction: An Extension of Anxiety and Uncertainty Management (AUM) Theory (2012, neutral): “…affect intercultural encounters such as individualismcollectivism (e.g., Gudykunst, Yoon, & Nishida, 1987; Trubisky, Ting-Toomey, & Lin, 1991), power distance (e.g., Hofstede, 2001; Merkin, 2006; Oetzel et al., 2001), and masculinity-femininity (Merkin, 2005; Williams & Best, 1994) among others.”
Attentive Facework During Instructional Feedback: Key to Perceiving Mentorship and an Optimal Learning Environment (2008, background): “Prior research indicates that while face needs are felt universally, the natures of face needs and desired facework tactics clearly differ by culture (e.g., Oetzel & Ting-Toomey, 2003; Oetzel et al., 2001), a reality that likely affects the facework choices made by students and their teachers.”
Assessing the Validity of Self Construal Scales: A Response to Levine et al. (2003, neutral): “…et al., 1999), communal relationships (Triandis & Gelfand, 1998), relational harmony (Chau, Cheung, Cheung, Li, & Wong, 1996), face and facework (Oetzel et al., 1999, 2001), self-esteem (Chau et al., 1996; Morisaki, 1997), emotional expression (Morisaki, 1997), strength of ethnic-cultural…”
Consumer Responses to Service Failures: A Resource Preference Model of Cultural Influences (2008, background): “This public self-image, or “face” (Goffman 1967), is a socially endowed resource that collectivists highly value (Oetzel et al. 2001).”
How Do Price Fairness Perceptions Differ across Culture? (2010, positive): “The Chinese are said to “view the world as based on a network of relationships” (Nisbett et al. 2001, p. 241), which suggests a greater sensitivity to relationship context. For example, Americans report treating friends, coworkers, and business owners equivalently, whereas Chinese are more sensitive”
The What, How, Why, and Where of Self-Construal (2011, positive): “Facework is the strategies one uses to protect, challenge, or defend one’s own or another’s “claimed sense of positive image in the context of social interaction” (or face; Oetzel et al., 2001, p. 235).”
Cross-cultural organizational behavior. (2007, background): “…and withdrawal (Holt & DeVore 2005, Ohbuchi et al. 1999), and this preference has been explained in terms of differences in conservation values (Morris et al. 1998), the interdependent self (Oetzel et al. 2001), and/or expectations that avoidance leads to better outcomes (Friedman et al. 2006).”
Family Communication Patterns and Conflict Styles in Chinese Parent-Child Relationships (2007, background): “…and accommodating but less competing and confrontational than people from low-context, small power distance, and individualistic cultures (Leung, 1988; Oetzel et al., 2001; Oetzel & Ting-Toomey, 2003; Ting-Toomey et al., 1991; Ting-Toomey & Kurogi, 1998; Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001; Zhang, 2004).”
Dealing with social desirability bias:an application to charitable giving (2011, background): “Indeed the concept of face has been used by a number of researchers to explain communication behaviours (Oetzel et al., 2001) and face management theory has been used to good effect in reducing the effect of socially desirable responding (Holtgraves et al.”
The Contrasting Effects of Culture on Consumer Tolerance: Interpersonal Face and Impersonal Fate (2009, background): “Indeed, face is a major concern in many Asian cultures (Oetzel et al. 2001; Ting-Toomey and Kurogi 1998).”
Conflict management styles : the differences among the Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans (2007, neutral): “We controlled the severity of the reported conflict that the respondents had with their immediate supervisor since this can affect conflict management styles ( Oetzel et al. , 2001”
Immediacy, humor, power distance, and classroom communication apprehension in Chinese college classrooms (2005, background): “PD can be examined at a cultural level and an individual level (Gudykunst & Lee, 2003; Oetzel et al., 2001).”
Face Concerns in Interpersonal Conflict (2003, methodology): “The results for the Japanese sample were contrary to expectations, but research since that study demonstrated that Japanese tend to have low self-face and high other-face relative to other national cultures (Cocroft & Ting-Toomey, 1994; Oetzel et al., 2001).”