The Color of Discipline: Sources of Racial and Gender Disproportionality in School Punishment
By R. Skiba, R. S. Michael, Abra Carroll Nardo, R. Peterson. 2000
1,935 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Subfields: Developmental and Educational Psychology, Education, Social Psychology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fe592b550df90033e49b7fbe7d0ea302dd403e27
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In Developmental and Educational Psychology
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Citations in the corpus
- Culturally Competent Assessment: More Than Nonbiased Tests (2002, background): “If anything, black students appear to be punished more harshly for comparable offenses (McFadden et al., 1992), or referred for discipline for less objective offenses ( Skiba, Michael, Nardo, & Peterson, in press ).”
- Overrepresentation of African American Males in Exclusionary Discipline: The Role of School-Based Mental Health Professionals in Dismantling the School to Prison Pipeline (2010, background): “An example of zero tolerance occurred in November of 1998 in Pennsylvania when a 5year old was suspended for wearing a 5-inch plastic ax as a piece of his firefighter costume for a classroom Halloween party (Skiba et al., 2000).”
- BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES IN SCHOOL SUSPENSION: EFFECT OF STUDENT BELIEFS ABOUT TEACHERS (2008, background): “Extant literature finds that on the individual student level, gender (Gordon et al., 2000; Gregory, 1997; Mendez et al., 2002; Nichols et al., 1999; Skiba et al., 2000, 2002), family structure (Mendez et al., 2002), delinquency (Costenbader and Markson, 1994, 1998; Mendez et al., 2002), and…”
- Exclusionary Discipline of Students With Disabilities (2014, background): “Given evidence that (a) race/ethnicity influences teachers’ expectations of students’ capabilities (Cartledge & Kourea, 2008) and (b) Black students are suspended more because of disciplinary referrals for milder, subjective behaviors (e.g., disrespect; Skiba et al., 2002), scholars have called for ”
- Beyond Behavior: Multilevel Analysis of the Influence of Sociodemographics and School Characteristics on Students' Risk of Suspension (2013, background): “…studies as males of all racial/ ethnic groups were substantially more likely than females to be subjected to exclusionary discipline practices (Hinojosa, 2008; Nichols, Ludwin, & Iadicola, 1999; Skiba, Peterson, & Williams, 1997; Skiba et al., 2002; Theriot, Craun, & Dupper, 2010; Wu et al., 1982).”
- Teachers Are People Too: Examining the Racial Bias of Teachers Compared to Other American Adults (2020, background): “…disparities in expectations and evaluation of students (Irizarry, 2015; Tenenbaum & Ruck, 2007; Yates & Marcelo, 2014), as well as their punishment (Skiba et al., 2002, 2014) academic-level placement (Glock et al., 2015; Solorzano & Ornelas, 2004), and academic achievement (Reardon et al.,…”
- A Multilevel Examination of Racial Disparities in High School Discipline: Black and White Adolescents’ Perceived Equity, School Belonging, and Adjustment Problems (2017, positive): “Specifically, research exploring potential causes of the discipline gap has found higher rates of sanctioning Black youth, even when levels of misbehavior were similar to their White peers (Finn & Servoss, 2013; Skiba et al., 2002; Toldson, & Lemmons, 2013).”
- The Relationship Between Skin Tone and School Suspension for African Americans (2013, background): “Interestingly, one of the most frequently cited potential explanations for the racial disparity in punishment, racial differences in parental education and income, has been shown to make very little contribution to accounting for the discrepancy (McCarthy and Hoge 1987; Skiba et al. 2002; Wallace et”