An Improved Measure of Ethical Leadership

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The influence of ethical leadership on trust and work engagement: An exploratory study (2014, methodology): “Four items from the Ethical Leadership Questionnaire (ELQ) (Yukl et al., 2011) were also included in the LES since they elaborate on the ethical practices of ethical leaders.”
Integrity, ethical leadership, trust and work engagement (2017, background): “The LES items were adapted from different measures of ethical leadership (Brown et al., 2005; Spangenberg and Theron, 2005; Yukl et al., 2011).”
Ethical and empowering leadership and leader effectiveness (2013, methodology): “Leader effectiveness was measured with two items that have been used successfully in several earlier studies (Kim and Yukl, 1995; Mahsud et al., 2010; Yukl et al., 2012).”
The Moral Entrepreneur: A New Component of Ethical Leadership (2019, background): “2015) nor included as an item in current scales (e.g., Brown et al. 2005; Kalshoven et al. 2011b; Yukl et al. 2013).”
Human Capital Sustainability Leadership to Promote Sustainable Development and Healthy Organizations: A New Scale (2018, background): “Ethical leadership aims to engender fair and just aims, empower an organization’s members [22], create consistency of actions with espoused values, use behavior to communicate or enforce ethical standards, fair decisions and rewards, kindness, compassion and concern for others [27].”