Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis

By Daniel O. Jackson, David Birdsong. 2000

416 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Literature and Literary Theory

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Citations in the corpus

Early Experience & Multisensory Perceptual Narrowing (2014, background): “Similarly, adults who learn a foreign language late in life speak with an accent which is very difficult to undo (Flege, 1999).”
Event-related brain potentials and second language learning: syntactic processing in late L2 learners at different L2 proficiency levels (2010, background): “According to this hypothesis, the critical period in normal language acquisition depends on diminished brain capacity, which affects the ultimate success of learning an L2 (for an extensive overview, see, for example, Lenneberg, 1967; see Birdsong, 1999).”
Lexical acquisition over time in minority first language children learning English as a second language (2008, background): “…with respect to academic verbal skills in minority L1 children (Collier, 1987, 1989), although middle-childhood onset has been found to diminish ultimate attainment in the L2 for pronunciation and morphosyntactic knowledge (Bialystok & Miller, 1999; Flege, 1999; Weber-Fox & Neville, 2001).”
Nonnative and second-language speech perception : commonalities and complementarities (2007, background): “To focus our comparison of naïve listeners and L2 learners, we conceptualize their characteristics, as studied in speech perception research, as lying somewhere along three separate dimensions: 1) L1 acquisition at onset of L2 learning; 2) ratio of L1/L2 usage on an average daily basis, and; 3) rati”
Second Language Acquisition in Childhood (2008, methodology): “Retrospective developmental studies show that adults who began to acquire their L2 as early as 6 to 8 years of age can have a perceptible foreign accent (Flege, 1999; Flege & Fletcher, 1992).”
Age Effects in Second Language Learning: Stepping Stones Toward Better Understanding (2013, background): “At one extreme is computational modeling (Hurford & Kirby, 1999; Monner et al., 2012), which has the advantage that variables can be manipulated completely independently, eliminating the confounding of variables that is otherwise nearly impossible to avoid in research on age effects.”
When timing is everything: Age of first-language acquisition effects on second-language learning (2007, background): “L2 learning is highly common, and characterized by a variable age of onset (Birdsong, 1996).”
Non-native speech perception in adverse conditions: A review (2010, background): “The reasons given for a sensitive period for languages have ranged from loss of brain plasticity or neurological specialisation (Lenneberg, 1967; Long, 1990; Penfield and Roberts, 1959; Singleton, 1989; Walsh and Diller, 1981) to deep-seated L1 habits (Flege, 1987, 1999; Bohn, 2000).”
Long-term language attainment of bilingual immigrants: Predictive variables and language group differences (2002, background): “However, the causes of the long-term L2 attainment decline have been a topic of much debate (see Birdsong, 1998, Harley & Wang, 1997, and Marinova-Todd, Marshall, & Snow, 2000, for reviews).”
Contributions of memory circuits to language: the declarative/procedural model. (2004, background): “For example, evidence suggests that in late second language learning – particularly after puberty – grammar is more difficulty to learn than lexical knowledge (Birdsong, 1999; Johnson & Newport, 1989).”
THE RELEVANCE OF INFORMATION ORGANIZATION TO SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION STUDIES (2000, background): “Bartning (1997) provided a comprehensive set of analyses on advanced learners, covering questions from phonology to discourse (see also Birdsong, 1999).”
Bilingual first-language development: Dominant language takeover, threatened minority language take-up* (2009, background): “…for language development – whether first or second (Elman, Bates, Johnson, Karmiloff-Smith, Parisi and Plunkett, 1996; Bialystok and Hakuta, 1999; Birdsong, 1999) – and whether there is an age beyond which a full native-like command of a language can no longer be achieved (Johnson and Newport,…”