The cross-cultural research imperative: the need to balance cross-national and intra-national diversity

By Rosalie L. Tung. 2008

433 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Anthropology, Communication, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9489f530c7a6afbd9a879104f956bd82f599a5dd

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Citations in the corpus

The influence of socio-cultural environments on the performance of nascent entrepreneurs: Community culture, motivation, self-efficacy and start-up success (2012, background): “Whilst culture is most commonly conceptualized on the national level it is also acknowledged that smaller spatial units such as regions or communities may have a culture of their own (Davidsson 1995; García-Cabrera and Garcia-Soto 2009; Tung 2008).”
Improving generalizations from multi-country comparisons in international business research (2010, background): “These concerns are in addition to other well-known research issues, such as examining intra-national cultural variations (Tung, 2008), assessing and maximizing measure equivalence (Harkness, van de Vijver, & Mohler, 2003; Hult et al.”
Cultural differences, convergence, and crossvergence as explanations of knowledge transfer in international acquisitions (2010, methodology): “Although we consider our conceptualization as a useful starting point, we acknowledge that the operationalization of crossvergence will require more development in future studies (see also Ralston, 2008; Tung, 2008; Witt, 2008).”
Mapping India’s regional subcultures: Implications for international management (2015, background): “intra-nation cultural differences that always complement, but sometimes may even be more important than, between-nation differences in cross cultural research (Tung, 2008).”
Combining Multicultural Management and Diversity Into One Course on Cultural Competence (2008, background): “…research has long been criticized for oversimplifying complex cultures, generalizing from a limited number of firms, assuming that culture and social structures are static, and ignoring withincountry heterogeneity (McSweeney, 2002; Sivakumar & Nakata, 2001; Kirkman et al., 2006: 286; Tung, 2008).”
Foreign locals: A cautionary tale on the culture of MNC local employees (2011, methodology): “I also considered the term "ex-host-country nationals" (EHCNs) pro? posed by Tung (2008) to describe nationals who return home after having lived abroad for an extensive period of time.”
A Cross-National and Cross-Cultural Approach to Global Market Segmentation: An Application Using Consumers’ Perceived Service Quality (2010, background): “…our approach is based on the belief that there is considerable within-country variation on cultural values (Au 1999; Kirkman, Lowe, and Gibson 2006; Tung 2008) because the ever-growing hegemony of the global culture influences the “elective identity” of consumers within nation-states to yield…”
Beyond Hofstede and GLOBE: Improving the quality of cross-cultural research (2010, background): “…& Brett, 2004), culture as a multi-level, multi-layer construct (Gelfand et al., 2006; Leung et al., 2005), and the multicultural status of most nation-states (Naylor, 1996), Tung (2008a) has called for the need to balance cross-national and intra-national diversity in cross-cultural research.”
Situational job characteristics and job satisfaction: The moderating role of national culture (2015, background): “…Schmitt, Allik, McCrae, & Benet-Martı́nez, 2007), but likewise concerns individual cultural dispositions and, therewith, the question of the within-nation variation of cultural values, as not all individuals within a culture will necessarily have the same personal cultural values (e.g. Tung, 2008).”
Widening the lens: Rethinking distance, diversity, and foreignness in international business research through positive organizational scholarship (2016, background): “In light of the increasing globalization of the world economy and the growing intra-national heterogeneity in many countries (Tung, 2008), it is imperative that organizations recognize and leverage the positive aspects of such diversity.”
Societal-Level Versus Individual-Level Predictions of Ethical Behavior: A 48-Society Study of Collectivism and Individualism (2013, background): “…been argued to be one of the most significant factors affecting the way we do business (Earley and Gibson 2002), and over the past few decades increased globalization has directly contributed to diversity/heterogeneity within today’s workforces in many countries around the world (e.g., Tung 2008).”