Issues in Multilevel Research: Theory Development, Measurement, and Analysis

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Servant leaders inspire servant followers: Antecedents and outcomes for employees and the organization (2013, background): “This is necessary to advance our understanding of any type of leadership (Hofmann, 2002; Yammarino & Bass, 1991), but it is particularly needed in the area of servant leadership.”
Answers to 20 Questions About Interrater Reliability and Interrater Agreement (2008, background): “Thus, ICC(1) informs a researcher as to whether judges’ ratings are affected by group membership, whereas the ICC(K) tells him or her how reliably the mean rating (taken over judges) distinguishes between groups (Bliese, 2000; Hofmann, 2002).”
Toward a Deeper Understanding of System Usage in Organizations: A Multilevel Perspective (2007, unknown): “This something more is the interaction between these individuals (Hofmann 2002, p. 250).”
A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation. (2010, unknown): “The effect of X on Y must be a strictly Between effect; because X is constant within a given group, variation in X cannot inﬂuence individual differences within a group (Hofmann, 2002).”