Analyzing Digit Span Components for Assessment of Attention Processes

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Revisiting problems with foreign language aptitude (2008, background): “To our knowledge, no studies in the L2 field have used the backward digit span despite the fact that considerably fewer validity issues have been raised concerning this test than the reading span test (Hale et al. 2002).”
Differential Ability Scales – Second Edition (Neuro)psychological Predictors of Math Performance for Typical Children and Children with Math Disabilities (2008, methodology): “Consistent with previous research (Floyd et al., 2003; Hale et al., 2002), unique WM/Gsm demands were not essential for NO performance, but they played a larger role in MR, attesting to the executive requirements necessary to keep information in memory and manipulate it when solving math word…”
Children With Attention Deficits Concentrate Better After Walk in the Park (2009, background): “It is sensitive to deficits in attention and executive functioning, and researchers have recommended that it be used in diagnosing ADHD ( Hale, Hoeppner, & Fiorello, 2002 ).”
Phonological short-term memory, working memory and foreign language performance in intensive language learning * (2008, background): “…as instruments testing more than just the phonological short-term memory: they are claimed to assess the capacity of complex verbal working memory including the functioning of the centralexecutive , which is responsible for regulating attention (Gathercole, 1999; Hale, Hoeppner and Fiorello, 2002).”