Conceptions of sample and their relationship to statistical inference

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A FRAMEWORK TO SUPPORT RESEARCH ON INFORMAL INFERENTIAL REASONING5 (2008, unknown): “…foundational concepts such as distribution (e.g., Bakker & Gravemeijer, 2004), variation (e.g., Cobb, McClain, & Gravemeijer, 2003), sampling (e.g., Saldanha & Thompson, 2002, 2006; Watson, 2004), and sampling distributions (e.g., delMas, Garfield, & Chance, 1999; Lipson, 2003) may also play a…”
How Students Learn Statistics Revisited: A Current Review of Research on Teaching and Learning Statistics (2007, background): “Journal compilation C© 2007 International Statistical Institute Statistical reasoning is the way people reason with statistical ideas and make sense of statistical information.”
Learning to reason from samples (2015, unknown): “…making distinctions between samples and populations, developing notions of sampling variability by examining similarities and differences between multiple samples drawn from the same population, and examining distributions of sample statistic (Saldanha & Thompson, 2002; Wild & Pfannkuch, 1999).”
Probability and Statistical Inference: How Can Teachers Enable Learners to Make the Connection? (2005, background): “Biehler (1994, p.15) considers that "the production of random samples from populations and the randomization in experiments should be an intermediate step that consolidates the conceptual shift from data analysis to inference." Whereas from the perspective of building up students' conceptions of sam”