Do Ethical, Authentic, and Servant Leadership Explain Variance Above and Beyond Transformational Leadership? A Meta-Analysis

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Examining the influence of servant and entrepreneurial leadership on the work outcomes of employees in social enterprises (2018, background): “Although the relative effects of servant and entrepreneurial leadership on affective organizational commitment have yet to be studied, recent meta-analytical work established that servant leadership explained 15% of incremental variance beyond transformational leadership (Hoch et al., 2016).”
Leadership and work engagement: Exploring explanatory mechanisms (2020, background): “In addition, several positive leadership styles have relatively large correlations with work engagement (Banks et al., 2016; Hoch et al., 2018), which indicates the possibility of shared or common ground with regard to their effect on employee work engagement.”
Leadership, creativity and innovation: a meta-analytic review (2020, background): “Authentic, servant, and ethical leadership represent three morally based forms of positive leadership (Hoch et al., 2018) which are often grouped together (Lemoine et al.”
Serving You Depletes Me? A Leader-Centric Examination of Servant Leadership Behaviors (2020, background): “To date, servant leadership has mostly been contrasted with other exemplary forms of leadership behavior, such as transformational, ethical, and authentic, which are all positively related to one another (Hoch et al., 2018).”