AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF THE EMPOWERMENT PROCESS

By T. Robbins, M. Crino, Lawrence D. Fredendall. 2002

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The mediating roles of organizational justice on the relationships between HR practices and workplace outcomes: an investigation in China (2009, background): “Specifically, empowerment may have motivational effects, directly resulting in empowered behaviours that are not dependent on rewards (Thomas and Velthouse 1990 ; Robinson, Crino and Fredenhall 2002 ).”
Psychological empowerment and its relationship to trust in immediate managers. (2007, background): “Robbins et al. (2002) state that the interaction between environmental elements and personal cognition, perceptions and attitudes, along with the way in which these elements affect employee's work behavior, constitutes empowerment.”
Servant leadership versus transformational leadership in voluntary service organizations (2011, background): “In a review of the empowerment literature, Robbins et al. (2002)”
Management of innovation: role of psychological empowerment, work engagement and turnover intention in the Indian context (2012, background): “Robbins, Crino and Fredendall ( 2002 ) propose that psychological empowerment reflects the ongoing ebb and flow of peoples' perceptions and attitudes about their work environment (both local and broader organization context) in relation to themselves (Bhatnagar 2007 ).”