A definition of dyslexia

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Dyslexia and the Brain: What Does Current Research Tell Us? (2007, background): “The current consensus based on a large body of research (e.g., Lyon et al., 2003; Morris et al., 1998; Rayner et al., 2001; Wagner & Torgesen, 1987) is that dyslexia is best characterized as a problem with language processing at the phoneme level, not a problem with visual processing.”
Modeling the Early Paths of Phonological Awareness and Factors Supporting its Development in Children With and Without Familial Risk of Dyslexia (2007, background): “Based on earlier findings, we expected children with a familial risk of dyslexia to perform poorer than children without such a risk in tasks of PA, vocabulary, letter knowledge, and beginning reading (eg, Byrne, 1998 ; Elbro et al, 1998 ; Gallagher et al, 2000 ; Lyon, Shaywitz, & Shaywitz, 2003”
Secondary symptoms of dyslexia: a comparison of self-esteem and anxiety profiles of children with and without dyslexia (2016, background): “Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty with a neurobiological origin (Lyon, Shaywitz, and Shaywitz 2003).”
Tier 3 specialized writing instruction for students with dyslexia (2008, result): “This definition is consistent with the current definition of dyslexia of the International Dyslexia Association—unexpected difficulty in oral reading accuracy and rate and spelling ( Lyon, Shaywitz, & Shaywitz, 2003 ).”