Small RNAs in transcriptional gene silencing and genome defence

By D. Moazed. Nature, 2009

833 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Small RNA molecules of about 20–30 nucleotides have emerged as powerful regulators of gene expression and genome stability. Studies in fission yeast and multicellular organisms suggest that effector complexes, directed by small RNAs, target nascent chromatin-bound non-coding RNAs and recruit chromatin-modifying complexes. Interactions between small RNAs and nascent non-coding transcripts thus reveal a new mechanism for targeting chromatin-modifying complexes to specific chromosome regions and suggest possibilities for how the resultant chromatin states may be inherited during the process of chromosome duplication.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4b2532bc36a8bdd893af789d6c573f6fc572b4b4

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Citations in the corpus

Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression (2009, background): “process known as RNA induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) has been shown to have an important role in heterochromatin formation over centromeric repeats (22).”
Biochemistry and molecular biology of gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9): The next decade (2013, background): “Small RNA molecules – from short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to microRNAs (miRs) – are even capable of moving between cells and through the vasculature under the forms of silencing RNAs (siRNAs) (Chitwood & Timmermans, 2010; Moazed, 2009).”
Transcriptional Regulation and its Misregulation in Disease (2013, positive): “Repressed genes are embedded in chromatin with modifications that are characteristic of specific repression mechanisms (Beisel and Paro, 2011; Cedar and Bergman, 2012; Jones, 2012; Moazed, 2009; Reyes-Turcu and Grewal, 2012).”
Epigenetic modifications and human disease (2010, background): “The RNA-induced transcriptional silencing complex is required for H3K9 methylation at centromeric repeats and for the recruitment of the histone methylation enzyme Clr4, which is essential for the spreading of heterochromatic domain”
Non‐coding RNAs: regulators of disease (2010, background): “Indeed it appears that RNA signalling is central to all complex genetic phenomena in the eukaryotes, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing [13–22], hybrid dysgenesis [15,23], Xchromosome dosage compensation and allelic exclusion [24,25], germ cell reprogramming [26] and p”
Chromatin Structure and the Inheritance of Epigenetic Information (2010, background): “Increasing evidence suggests that the newly discovered ncRNAs are functional and important for gene regulatio”
Polyethyleneimine coating enhances the cellular uptake of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and allows safe delivery of siRNA and DNA constructs. (2009, background): “RNA interference describes natural processes that lead to gene silencing by siRNA.(32) siRNA has been widely used as an experimental tool that is now also becoming the focus of the pharmaceutical industry.”
Non-coding RNA: what is functional and what is junk? (2015, neutral): “For example, it has been shown that many heterochromatic regions are transcriptionally active, albeit at a low level (Moazed, 2009), suggesting that either heterochromatin is periodically loosened, or that under certain circumstances RNA polymerases can transcribe these tightly packed regions.”
Child health, developmental plasticity, and epigenetic programming. (2011, background): “Moazed D 2009 Small RNAs in transcriptional gene silencing and genome defence.”
piRNAs Can Trigger a Multigenerational Epigenetic Memory in the Germline of C. elegans (2012, background): “The core molecular pathway described here is reminiscent of related (co-) transcriptional pathways both in yeasts and plants (Moazed, 2009).”
Long Noncoding RNAs: Past, Present, and Future (2013, background): “…transcriptional gene silencing used by the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe in assembling centromeric heterochromatin (Cam et al. 2009; Moazed 2009). lncRNAs in transcription: Decoys, coregulators, and Pol II inhibitors In addition to regulating gene expression by recruiting…”
Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs (2009, background): “…synthesis of siRNA precursors (Herr et al., 2005; Onodera et al., 2005; Wierzbicki et al., 2008). siRNA-directed transcriptional silencing is a fascinating and fast-moving ﬁeld that has recently been reviewed in depth elsewhere (Grewal and Elgin, 2007; Henderson and Jacobsen, 2007; Moazed, 2009).”
Transcriptional Silencing of Transposons by Piwi and Maelstrom and Its Impact on Chromatin State and Gene Expression (2012, positive): “Recent insights are challenging this view and attest a dynamic interplay between transcription and establishment/maintenance of the heterochromatic character (Grewal, 2010; Moazed, 2009; Slotkin and Martienssen, 2007).”
lincRNAs: Genomics, Evolution, and Mechanisms (2013, neutral): “One way to do this would be to act as a nascent transcript, while still tethered to the DNA by the RNA polymerase, as occurs for transcripts targeted by the endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that direct chromatin silencing in fission yeast (Moazed, 2009).”