Language Learning Abroad: How Do Gains in Written Fluency Compare with Gains in Oral Fluency in French as a Second Language?.

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The many faces of study abroad: an update on the research on L2 gains emerged during a study abroad experience (2011, background): “(2000) SA British (N 36), learners of Spanish 1 or 2 semesters Vocabulary j Considerable gains j LoS 2 semesters LoS 1 semester Howard (2001) AH vs.”
The Combined Effects of Immersion and Instruction on Second Language Pronunciation (2010, background): “For example, Freed, So, and Lazar (2003) found that SA students demonstrated more characteristics of oral fluency than at home (AH) students, although the SA participants were slightly less fluent in written Spanish.”
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Effects of One Year Abroad (2012, background): “Similarly, studies examining different linguistic areas do not necessarily find advantages in all of these areas for the SA context (Freed et al., 2003).”
Japanese Vocabulary Acquisition by Learners in Three Contexts. (2008, background): “To summarize, while much of the evidence suggests that SA participants tend to out-gain AY learners in vocabulary acquisition during comparable periods of study, there is not always a clear advantage for SA participants in this area (cf. Collentine, 2004 and Freed et al., 2003).”