Growing Minds: The Effect of a School Gardening Program on the Science Achievement of Elementary Students

By C. D. Klemmer, T. Waliczek, J. Zajicek. 2005

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Impact of Garden-Based Learning on Academic Outcomes in Schools (2013, methodology): “In one study, using a sample of 647 students in Grades 3–5 in seven elementary schools in Temple, Texas, Klemmer, Waliczek, and Zajicek (2005b) found that “science achievement of students who participated in a hands-on school gardening program was higher than that of students who did not participate”
Intrinsic Motivation and Engagement as “Active Ingredients” in Garden-Based Education: Examining Models and Measures Derived From Self-Determination Theory (2012, background): “Although students’ ratings were internally consistent, a better measure would have been a direct examination of students’ knowledge about plants, food, the environment, and science (e.g., Klemmer et al., 2005a).”
Gardening as a learning environment: A study of children’s perceptions and understanding of school gardens as part of an international project (2007, background): “Further evidence that children learn better outside with hands-on experiences and that this experiential learning has an impact on learning in a number of curriculum areas comes out of research by Klemmer et al. (2005) .”