Index Construction with Formative Indicators: An Alternative to Scale Development

By Adamantios Diamantopoulos, Heidi Winklhofer. 2001

4,878 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Information Systems and Management

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d74f541b21645166d2c6ca0c22185b50a1091cd7

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Citations in the corpus

A Practical Guide To Factorial Validity Using PLS-Graph: Tutorial And Annotated Example (2005, background): “Initial guidelines on constructing indexes with formative measurement items are discussed by Diamantopoulos and Winklhofer [2001].”
Web acceptance and usage model: A comparison between goal-directed and experiential web users (2005, methodology): “PLS is appropriate for analyses of measurement models with both formative and reflective items ( Diamantopoulos and Winklhofer, 2001”
The effects of retail channel integration through the use of information technologies on firm performance (2012, methodology): “Thus, we adhered strictly to he recommendations of Diamantopoulos and Winklhofer (2001) n index construction to ensure the validity of our measure.”
Interfirm Competition for Human Resources: Evidence From the Software Industry (2005, methodology): “I treated these questions as formative indicators of an index and averaged them to create the observed variable (Diamantopoulos & Winklhofer, 2001).”
The Impact of Knowledge Coordination on Virtual Team Performance Over Time (2007, methodology): “We used formative indicators because task-oriented communication is a function of task-oriented e-mail frequency and task-oriented e-mail volume, not the other way around (Diamantopoulos and Winklhofer 2001; Jarvis et al. 2003).”
Competing for the disability tourism market – A comparative exploration of the factors of accessible tourism competitiveness in Spain and Australia (2015, methodology): “…the nexus between inputs and outputs are not automatic (Cores, 2011)In addition, the required data and indicators are not available in many destinations (Garau-Taberner, 2006) and use a factor analysis which always assumes reflectively measured latent variable (Diamantopoulos & Winklhofer, 2001).”
See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil: a study of defensive organizational behavior towards customer complaints (2007, methodology): “In line with measurement literature (e.g., Edwards & Bagozzi, 2000; Fornell, Rhee, & Yi, 1991), our decision to use a formative model for measuring the prevalence of DOB is “primarily [...] based on theoretical considerations regarding the causal priority between the indicators and the latent variab”
Under Positive Pressure (2016, methodology): “We therefore combined our items to an index to avoid multicollinearity problems (Diamantopoulos & Winklhofer, 2001).”
Employee Emotional Competence (2016, methodology): “We also follow recommendations from other scholars for developing and evaluating constructs with formative measures (Diamantopoulos and Winklhofer 2001; MacKenzie, Podsakoff, and Jarvis 2005).”
How Information Technology Governance Mechanisms and Strategic Alignment Influence Organizational Performance: Insights from a Matched Survey of Business and IT Managers (2015, methodology): “…PLS weights and summed them up for each first-order indicator, a formulation suggested by Bagozzi and Fornell (1982), and then the second-order variables were measured by creating composite indices based on a weighted sum of the first-order indicators (Diamantopoulos and Winklhofer 2001).”