Fish Swim, Rocks Sit, and Lungs Breathe: Expert-Novice Understanding of Complex Systems

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System thinking and feeding relations: learning with a live ecosystem model (2012, background): “2002) and, to a lesser extent, live models (Hmelo-Silver et al. 2007).”
“Noticing” as an Alternative Transfer of Learning Process (2012, background): “We speculate that something like systems dialogue could represent the sciencespecific practice of focusing on thinking about biological objects and/or events as parts of a complex system (e.g., Hmelo-Silver et al., 2007).”
The influence of framing on transfer: initial evidence from a tutoring experiment (2011, background): “This material is necessary for forming correct mental models of each system (Chi et al. 1994; Hmelo-Silver et al. 2007).”
The tip of the iceberg in organic chemistry classes: how do students deal with the invisible? (2015, background): “According to Kuhn et al. (2009) and Hmelo-Silver et al. (2007), this type of cognitive processing needs explicit instruction and specific reasoning strategies.”