Energizing Learning: The Instructional Power of Conflict

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Cooperative learning in 21st century (2014, background): “Cooperation will, however, play a vital role in building positive relationships in each setting, whereas competition and individualism will tend to result in negative relationships in each setting (Johnson & Johnson, 1989, 2005, 2009a).”
The Social Perspective Taking Process: What Motivates Individuals to Take Another's Perspective? (2012, background): “For example, “constructive controversies” (Johnson & Johnson, 2009) have a robust reputation as a fruitful way of motivating students to engage in SPT.”
From visual reasoning to logical necessity through argumentative design (2012, background): “37) Johnsson and Johnsson (2009) mention two types of conflict that are important for learning/teaching and as such are crucial in our design research as well: (1) Conceptual conflicts, when information being received does not seem consistent with”
Teaching and Learning Argumentative Reading and Writing: A Review of Research (2011, background): “…to acquiring academic literacies, they are often leery of introducing what may evolve into conflict and one-upmanship employed in the media, that is, argument consisting of competitive, combative debate (Johnson & Johnson, 2009) that leads to an “adversarial frame of mind” (Tannen, 1999, p. 4).”