Duration of antiviral immunity after smallpox vaccination

By E. Hammarlund, Matthew W. Lewis, S. Hansen, L. Strelow, J. Nelson, G. Sexton, J. Hanifin, M. Slifka. Nature Medicine, 2003

996 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Infectious Diseases, Virology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8ca7d4b610da114bc2df3998a97b1e705593e97

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Citations in the corpus

Correlates of Protection Induced by Vaccination (2010, background): “The evidence for this comes from animal experiments and also from human data showing persistence of antibodies and protection against death virtually forever after vaccination but susceptibility to mild disease once CD8 -mediated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have faded away (5, 58, 125, 126).”
Redefining chronic viral infection. (2009, positive): “, 1997) and are responsible for the prolonged maintenance of antiviral antibodies observed in humans for decades in the absence of viral reinfection (Hammarlund et al., 2003; Crotty et al., 2003) Although there is considerably more known about exhaustion and dysfunction of T cells during chronic vir”
Memory CD8 T-Cell Differentiation during Viral Infection (2004, background): “Acute infections with viruses such as influenza virus and vaccinia virus do not result in viral persistence and induce functional memory T cells that develop and persist in the absence of antigen (30, 31, 49, 68, 123).”
Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection (2021, positive): “Using different approaches, studies determined the long-term durability of memory CD4 T cells to smallpox, over a period of many years, to be an estimated t1/2 of ~10 years (61, 64), which is also consistentwith recent detection of SARS-CoV-specific T cells 17 years after the initial infection (65).”
Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells (2014, background): “Unfortunately, there are few long-term studies on the durability of T cell memory in humans, even in blood (Hammarlund et al., 2003; Nanan et al., 2000; Van Epps et al., 2002), and tracking T cell memory in NLTs is less tractable.”
Human T cell development, localization, and function throughout life (2018, background): “Similar kinetics of effector expansion and memory development were observed following smallpox (vaccinia) and influenza vaccination (Miller et al., 2008), with vaccinia-specific memory T cells detected after many decades (Hammarlund et al., 2003).”
T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design (2008, methodology): “Finally, in humans vaccinated against smallpox with vaccinia virus, there was a high frequency of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells that produce both IFNγ and TNF 1 year following immunization and this T-cell response persisted for up to 50 years, albeit at far lower frequencie”
Translating innate immunity into immunological memory: implications for vaccine development. (2006, positive): “On the other hand, the numbers seem more stable in humans vaccinated against smallpox (Hammarlund et al., 2003).”
Immunological mechanisms of vaccination (2011, background): “Thus, a single dose of the smallpox vaccine maintains serum antibody titers for more than 50 year”
HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation (2009, background): “The intrinsic stability of latently infected CD4 + T cells constitutes an alternative explanation for the stability of the reservoir, as T CM cells survive for year”
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021, neutral): “It is possible, but not certain, that the decay of T cell memory slows over time (Akondy et al., 2017; Hammarlund et al., 2003), which would be consistent with the observation of SARS-CoV memory T cells 17 years post-infection (Le Bert et al.”