Equivalence and relational thinking: preservice elementary teachers’ awareness of opportunities and misconceptions

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Middle School Mathematics Teachers' Knowledge of Students' Understanding of Core Algebraic Concepts: Equal Sign and Variable (2007, background): “…algebraic reasoning throughout the K–8 curriculum, however, researchers have begun to move toward teachers’ knowledge of student thinking in the domain of early algebra in elementary school mathematics (e.g., Blanton & Kaput, 2003; Carpenter et al., 2003; Kaput et al., 2007; Stephens, 2006).”
Relational Reasoning and Its Manifestations in the Educational Context: a Systematic Review of the Literature (2013, methodology): “, Birney and Halford 2002b) and semistructured interviews (Stephens 2006).”
Pre-Service Mathematic Teachers’ Knowledge of Students about the Algebraic Concepts (2013, result): “…inservice teachers and preservice teachers had difficulty in identifying students’ misconceptions and the actual responses of the students were different from the teachers’ predictions about possible student errors/difficulties (Asquith, Stephens, Knuth & Alibali, 2007; Stephens, 2006).”
Reading Into the Future: Competence for the 21st Century (2012, background): “By their very nature, relational reasoning strategies require individuals to engage in a deeper processing of information than would typically occur (Stephens, 2006).”