The relationship between homework time and achievement is not universal: evidence from multilevel analyses in 40 countries

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Teachers’ Feedback on Homework, Homework-Related Behaviors, and Academic Achievement (2015, background): “…2001), other investigations claim that same relation to be as either rather low or even negative (e.g., De Jong, Westerhof, & Creemers, 2000; Dettmers et al., 2009; N u~nez et al., 2013; Tam, 2009; Trautwein, 2007; Trautwein et al., 2002; Trautwein, L€udtke, Schnyder, & Niggli, 2006;…”
Homework and academic achievement across Spanish Compulsory Education (2015, background): “Whenever a negative relationship is found, researchers try to explain it with different approaches (Dettmers et al., 2009).”
Relationships between perceived parental involvement in homework, student homework behaviors, and academic achievement: differences among elementary, junior high, and high school students (2015, background): “…of homework completed (e.g., Epstein and Van Voorhis 2001); b) not significantly associated with homework time management (Xu 2013; Xu et al. 2014); and c) negatively related to academic achievement (Dettmers et al. 2009; Núñez et al. 2014a, b; Trautwein 2007; Trautwein et al. 2009a, b; Xu 2011).”
Adolescents' Homework Performance in Mathematics and Science: Personal Factors and Teaching Practices (2015, methodology): “%) in that same study (Dettmers et al., 2009).”