The Role of Formative Measurement Models in Strategic Management Research: Review, Critique, and Implications for Future Research

By Nathan P. Podsakoff, Wei Shen, Philip M. Podsakoff. 2006

238 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Management Information Systems, Strategy and Management

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6bd4ef1a50545571787c5663d8460ac88ae7de88

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In Management Information Systems

In Strategy and Management

Citations in the corpus

Characteristics of organizational structure relating to hybrid competitive strategy: Implications for performance (2012, methodology): “Rather, each indicator may occur independently of the others (Podsakoff et al., 2006).”
Employer‐supported volunteering benefits: Gift exchange among employers, employees, and volunteer organizations (2009, unknown): “Price (2002) suggested that employees find it easier to volunteer when the employer assists with volunteering and/or handles the communication and logistics.”
Choice and performance of governance mechanisms: matching alliance governance to asset type (2009, background): “Following Podsakoff, Shen, and Podsakoff (2006) and Diamantopoulos and Winklhofer (2001), our measures are formative because they: (a) jointly determine the construct in question, rather than manifesting an underlying construct, (b) are not interchangeable—removing one alters the domain of the…”
Mutual Gains? Health‐Related HRM, Collective Well‐Being and Organizational Performance (2019, methodology): “Moreover, we treated organizational performance as a formative construct and excluded it from our full CFA model (Podsakoff et al., 2006); yet, the model showed a similar fit when performance was included as an additional ref lective measure.”
The impact of government financial support on the performance of new firms: the role of competitive advantage as an intermediate outcome (2014, background): “…that a third or more of the constructs in the marketing, management and strategic management journals have misspecified constructs as reflective (based on factor analysis) when they are formative (Hair et al. 2010; Jarvis, Mackenzie, and Podsakoff 2003; Podsakoff, Shen, and Podsakoff 2006).”
12 Structural Equation Modeling in Management Research: A Guide for Improved Analysis (2009, background): “Based on this information, Podsakoff et al. (2006) claim that 62% of the constructs were inappropriately modeled as having reflective indicators, when they should have been modeled as having formative indicators.”
The Fallacy of Formative Measurement (2011, background): “Construct validity has also been framed in terms of the relationship between the construct and other variables, drawing from principles of nomological validity and criterion-oriented validity (Bollen & Lennox, 1991; Diamantopoulos & Siguaw, 2006; MacKenzie et al., 2005; Podsakoff et al., 2006).”
Effects of perceived employee emotional competence on customer satisfaction and loyalty: The mediating role of rapport (2013, methodology): “For complex constructs, researchers should use higher-order models, because such models treat each dimension as an important component of the construct (Podsakoff et al., 2006).”
The Roles of Competence Trust, Formal Contract, and Time Horizon in Interorganizational Learning (2009, background): “Measures are formative if they can be seen as forming or causing a specific dimension of a construct (Diamantopoulos and Siguaw 2006; Podsakoff et al. 2006).”
Incorporating Formative Measures into Covariance-Based Structural Equation Models (2011, background): “…interest in and applications of formative measurement in areas as diverse as organization research (e.g., Podsakoff et al. 2003), strategy (Podsakoff et al. 2006), marketing (e.g., Jarvis et al. 2003), quality of life research (e.g., Fayers and Hand 2002), and information systems (e.g.,…”