The Proteus Effect: The Effect of Transformed Self-Representation on Behavior

By N. Yee, Jeremy N. Bailenson. 2007

1,991 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/31b2fbf8a1e78adc6713abe54035bb2f132118f1

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In Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

In Sociology and Political Science

Citations in the corpus

Enhancing Our Lives with Immersive Virtual Reality (2016, background): “It has been also been argued that attitudinal and behavioral correlates of transformed body ownership can be explained as people behaving according to how others would expect someone with that type of body to behave (Yee and Bailenson, 2007).”
INCREASING SAVING BEHAVIOR THROUGH AGE-PROGRESSED RENDERINGS OF THE FUTURE SELF (2011, background): “These interview questions served to enhance identification between the participant and his or her avatar (Yee and Bailenson 2007).”
Putting yourself in the skin of a black avatar reduces implicit racial bias. (2013, background): “There is some evidence that virtual alteration of age through embodiment in an elderly person can reduce negative stereotypes toward the elderly (Yee & Bailenson, 2007) and also that embodying men in a female child virtual body produces a strong physiological response when the child is placed in a…”
Performing the Looking-Glass Self: Avatar Appearance and Group Identity in Second Life (2011, background): “Yee and Bailenson (2007) found that participants using taller avatars were more confident and those with more attractive avatars behaved more intimately with others in chat.”
The Impact of Avatar Personalization and Immersion on Virtual Body Ownership, Presence, and Emotional Response (2018, background): “This Proteus effect [52] identifies a connection between our objective perception and a subjective interpretation and integration of the perceived information into our own cognitive models including expectations and preconception of role models.”
Illusory ownership of a virtual child body causes overestimation of object sizes and implicit attitude changes (2013, background): “Yee and Bailenson (26) examined how one’s self-representation can influence interaction with others, specifically by using more attractive or taller virtual characters.”
Avatars and computer-mediated communication: a review of the definitions, uses, and effects of digital representations (2018, methodology): “In addition to long-term studies, researchers should consider potential effects both within and outside of the digital environment (Yee & Bailenson, 2007).”
The strategic female: gender-switching and player behavior in online games (2014, background): “These trends of chat style differences may also be a manifestation of the Proteus Effect (Yee & Bailenson, 2007), which suggests that avatar appearance can affect people’s behaviors with others online.”
Virtual worlds - past, present, and future: New directions in social computing (2009, background): “Sociology Are norms and standards of social behavior in VWs⁎ different from those in the physical world? How? What are the norms for etiquette, cheating, and gift-giving in VWs? [2,3,20,51,92, 96,110,112, 113 ]”
Gaming as extramural English L2 learning and L2 proficiency among young learners* (2012, background): “For instance, Yee and Bailenson (2007) introduce the so-called Proteus Effect, which deals with how players’ behavior conforms to their digital self-representation independently of how others perceive them.”
The Use of Immersive Virtual Reality in the Learning Sciences: Digital Transformations of Teachers, Students, and Social Context (2008, methodology): “We avoided using student agents whose faces were extremely attractive or extremely unattractive according to previously a pretested database (Yee & Bailenson, 2007).”
Identification With Video Game Characters as Automatic Shift of Self-Perceptions (2010, background): “Identification, thus, is conceptualized as a temporary shift in players' self-perception (see also Peng, 2008; Schneider et al, 2004 ; Yee & Bailenson, 2007 ).”
A review of online grooming: Characteristics and concerns (2013, background): “The Proteus Effect Some studies have extended the concept of ‘Online Disinhibition’ (Suler, 2004) to examine what factors may trigger someone to behave differently online.”
Avatar characteristics induce users’ behavioral conformity with small-to-medium effect sizes: a meta-analysis of the proteus effect (2019, background): “Yee and Bailenson (2007) further inferred that the effects of self-perception are enhanced in virtual environments due to the occurrence of deindividuation.”
Sexualized Avatars Lead to Women’s Self-Objectification and Acceptance of Rape Myths (2015, background): “Studies have consistently demonstrated the power of avatars to change users’ attitudes and behaviors (Baylor & Plant, 2005; Blascovich et al., 2002; Fox & Bailenson, 2009b; Yee & Bailenson, 2007).”
Mental Health Smartphone Apps: Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations for Future Developments (2016, positive): “Furthermore, users who are given taller avatars act more confidently and aggressively than do those who are given shorter avatars, both virtually and face-to-face [251,252].”
Virtual Self-Modeling: The Effects of Vicarious Reinforcement and Identification on Exercise Behaviors (2009, background): “Figure 1 depicts the room set up and a close-up of the HMD (detailed equipment specifications can be found in Yee & Bailenson, 2007 ).”
Teachable Agents and the Protégé Effect: Increasing the Effort Towards Learning (2009, background): “Yee and Bailenson (2007) termed this the proteus effect.”