Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction

By Mohammed R. Milad, Gregory J. Quirk. Nature, 2002

1,855 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2ee6bd2a1269f544f705109d0861540e1d0af118

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Citations in the corpus

Extinction circuits for fear and addiction overlap in prefrontal cortex. (2009, background): “Single-unit recordings reveal that CS responsiveness in IL-mPFC neurons develops only after extinction learning has occurred, and correlates with the degree of extinction recall (Milad and Quirk 2002).”
Fear Extinction as a Model for Translational Neuroscience: Ten Years of Progress (2012, background): “Moving closer to a test of causality, Milad and Quirk (2002) showed that mimicking IL tone responses with microstimulation reduced fear and strengthened extinction.”
Neurocircuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder and extinction: human neuroimaging research--past, present, and future. (2006, background): “In rodents, it has been shown that extincion learning involves the medial prefrontal cortex (e.g., Morgan t al 1993) and that extinction recall in particular is mediated by nfralimbic cortex (e.g., Milad and Quirk 2002; also see Quirk et l 2006 and Sotres-Bayon et al 2006, in this issue).”
Plastic Synaptic Networks of the Amygdala for the Acquisition, Expression, and Extinction of Conditioned Fear (2010, positive): “In the context of extinction, the infralimbic projection to ITCm cells is especially significant because electrical infralimbic stimuli that coincide with CS onset reduce conditioned fear responses and accelerate the acquisition of extinction (307).”
Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: implications for successful adaptation to extreme stress. (2004, background): “Infralimbic neurons, which are part of the medial prefrontal cortex, fire only when rats are recalling extinction—greater firing correlates with reduced fear behaviors (185).”
Emotion and cognition: insights from studies of the human amygdala. (2006, background): “This inhibition of the amygdala mediates the diminished expression of conditioned fear with extinction (see Milad & Quirk 2002 for a review).”
Fear extinction and relapse: state of the art. (2013, background): “Interestingly, the available research supports a much more consistent role for the hippocampal-vmPFC network in extinction recall (e.g., 24 hours later) than during initial extinction learning (Milad & Quirk 2002, Quirk et al. 2000).”
Developing constructs for psychopathology research: research domain criteria. (2010, positive): “Neural circuits connecting the basolateral amygdala with ventral medial areas of the prefrontal cortex are particularly important in the extinction of fear (Milad & Quirk, 2002; Pine, 2009).”
Fear extinction in rats: implications for human brain imaging and anxiety disorders. (2006, background): “However, given that stimulation of the vmPFC in rats was only effective when it was paired with conditioned stimuli (Milad and Quirk, 2002; Milad et al., 2004), rTMS might be significantly more effective when paired with traumatic reminders.”
Brain On Stress: Vulnerability and Plasticity of the Prefrontal Cortex Over the Life Course (2013, positive): “…requires amygdala-hippocampal interactions (Phillips and LeDoux, 1992; Richardson et al., 2004), whereas the prefrontal cortex, with its powerful influence on amygdala activity (Quirk et al., 2003), plays an important role in fear extinction (Milad and Quirk, 2002; Morgan and LeDoux, 1995).”
Brain mediators of cardiovascular responses to social threat, Part I: Reciprocal dorsal and ventral sub-regions of the medial prefrontal cortex and heart-rate reactivity (2009, background): “It is IL in particular in which stimulation potentiates fear extinction and lesions reduce it (Milad & Quirk, 2002; Quirk, Russo, Barron, & Lebron, 2000).”
Extinction learning in humans: role of the amygdala and vmPFC. (2004, background): “…including BA areas 24, 32, and 25 (Amaral, 1992). tency in the pattern of response between the present In rats, the infralimbic cortex have been shown to share study and the Milad and Quirk (2002) findings is due to the same type of amygdala afferents as area 25 in moncross species differences.”
Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Decreases the Responsiveness of Central Amygdala Output Neurons (2003, positive): “…of mPFC: (1) lesions of IL disrupt recall of extinction (Morgan et al., 1993; Quirk et al., 2000); (2) tone responses of IL neurons are correlated with recall of extinction (Milad and Quirk, 2002); and (3) electrical stimulation of IL reduces freezing to conditioned tones (Milad and Quirk, 2002).”
Behavioral and neural analysis of extinction. (2002, background): “Moreover, they suggested that an interplay between the two structures is necessary ple, Milad and Quirk (2002) recorded single unit activity in the rat infralimbic cortex during habituation, acquisi-for the development of extinction, such that the cortex directs the reshaping of amygdalar…”
AMYGDALA MICROCIRCUITS CONTROLLING LEARNED FEAR (2014, background): “Moreover, electrical stimulation of IL paired with CS onset reduces conditioned fear responses and accelerates the acquisition of extinction (Milad and Quirk, 2002).”