Plastic Synaptic Networks of the Amygdala for the Acquisition, Expression, and Extinction of Conditioned Fear

By H. Pape, Denis Paré. Physiological Reviews, 2010

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The last ten years have witnessed a surge of interest for the mechanisms underlying the acquisition and extinction of classically conditioned fear responses. In part, this results from the realization that abnormalities in fear learning mechanisms likely participate to the development and/or maintenance of human anxiety disorders. The simplicity and robustness of this learning paradigm, coupled to the fact that the underlying circuitry is evolutionarily well conserved makes it an ideal model to study the basic biology of memory and identify genetic factors and neuronal systems that regulate the normal and pathological expressions of learned fear. Critical advances have been made in determining how modified neuronal functions upon fear acquisition become stabilized during fear memory consolidation and how these processes are controlled in the course of fear memory extinction. With these advances, came the realization that activity in remote neuronal networks must be coordinated for these events to take place. In this paper, we review these mechanisms of coordinated network activity and the molecular cascades leading to enduring fear memory, and allowing for their extinction. We will focus on Pavlovian fear conditioning as a model and the amygdala as a key component for the acquisition and extinction of fear responses.

Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5d6c01cf3d6a3285a29a93722396a6c02d0086ad

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Citations in the corpus

Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018, background): “There is evidence for increased activation of the amygdala in humans and rodents during conditioned fear (156).”
Pain-relief learning in flies, rats, and man: basic research and applied perspectives (2014, background): “…regarding rodents, see: Davis et al. 1993; Fendt and Fanselow 1999; LeDoux 2000; Maren 2001; Christian and Thompson 2003; Fanselow and Poulos 2005; Pape and Pare 2010; regarding monkeys, see: Davis et al. 2008; regarding humans, see: Rosen and Schulkin 1998; Öhman and Mineka 2001; Delgado et…”
Coming to terms with fear (2014, background): “At the cellular and molecular levels, fear conditioning occurs when LA neurons that process the CS are weakly activated at the same time that the US strongly depolarizes the neurons (5, 53, 80, 81, 88, 89).”
Fear Extinction as a Model for Translational Neuroscience: Ten Years of Progress (2012, background): “Numerous reviews on molecular mechanisms of extinction, clinical relevance, and inhibition circuitry within the amygdala have recently appeared (Pape & Paré 2010, Herry et al 2010, Sotres-Bayon & Quirk 2010, Myers et al 2011, Etkin et al 2011).”
AMYGDALA MICROCIRCUITS CONTROLLING LEARNED FEAR (2014, background): “A large body of evidence suggests that fear extinction is mediated by a distributed network that includes the amygdala, mPFC, and hippocampus (see Pape and Pare, 2010; Herry et al., 2010; Milad and Quirk, 2012; Maren et al., 2013).”