Fear Extinction as a Model for Translational Neuroscience: Ten Years of Progress

By Mohammed R. Milad, Gregory J. Quirk. Annual Review of Psychology, 2012

1,349 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The psychology of extinction has been studied for decades. Approximately 10 years ago, however, there began a concerted effort to understand the neural circuits of extinction of fear conditioning, in both animals and humans. Progress during this period has been facilitated by an unusual degree of coordination between rodent and human researchers examining fear extinction. This successful research program could serve as a model for translational research in other areas of behavioral neuroscience. Here we review the major advances and highlight new approaches to understanding and exploiting fear extinction.

Subfields: Behavioral Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3e1b47b5a0d8ab9823c918aa6f6ce64eb2eba033

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Citations in the corpus

RESILIENCE TRAINING THAT CAN CHANGE THE BRAIN (2018, background): “This new memory is consolidated and stored in the MPFC, and it can inhibit the original fear response (Milad & Quirk, 2012).”
Abstract context representations in primate amygdala and prefrontal cortex (2015, background): “Subjects can later learn to inhibit responses to the same stimulus through extinction (Milad and Quirk, 2012) or to alter responses to the stimulus if its associated reinforcement changes in value (Pickens and Holland, 2004).”
Don't fear ‘fear conditioning’: Methodological considerations for the design and analysis of studies on human fear acquisition, extinction, and return of fear (2017, neutral): “…2004; Bouton, 2014; Delamater, 2004, for cellular and molecular pathways mediating extinction learning which have mainly been studied in animal research see Fitzgerald et al., 2014; Herry et al., 2010; Milad and Quirk, 2012; Myers and Davis, 2002; Myers and Davis, 2007; Tovote et al., 2015).”
Using Neuroscience to Help Understand Fear and Anxiety: A Two-System Framework. (2016, background): “Medial cortical areas down-regulatetheamygdala inhealthyhumans(25,37),andthis capacity is weakened in people with anxiety disorders (26, 27).”
Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: Deprivation and Threat as Distinct Dimensions of Early Experience (2014, background): “, 2004), and increased vmPFC activity during such recall is associated with dampened amygdala activity (Milad et al., 2007, 2009; Milad and Quirk, 2012).”
AMYGDALA MICROCIRCUITS CONTROLLING LEARNED FEAR (2014, background): “A large body of evidence suggests that fear extinction is mediated by a distributed network that includes the amygdala, mPFC, and hippocampus (see Pape and Pare, 2010; Herry et al., 2010; Milad and Quirk, 2012; Maren et al., 2013).”
What Can Ethobehavioral Studies Tell Us About The Brain’s Fear System? (2016, background): “Additionally, infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) regions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have been proposed to exert ‘top-down’ control of the amygdala [11]; for example, the IL-ITC (intercalated cells of the amygdala) pathway for the extinction (or inhibition) of conditioned fear, and the P”
Theta oscillations between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala support dynamic representations of threat and safety (2025, unknown): “…anterior cingulate, dACC or dorsal mPFC, dmPFC as human homolog) mediates fear acquisition and expression, and IL (i.e., ventral mPFC, vmPFC as human homolog) mediates fear extinction (Burgos-Robles et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2021; Hennings et al., 2022; Marek et al., 2019; Milad & Quirk, 2012).”
Annual Research Review: Developmental pathways linking early behavioral inhibition to later anxiety (2022, background): “The original support for the involvement of these areas came from lesion studies with animal models examining fear extinction – the process of learning that a previously threatening stimulus is no longer dangerous (Milad & Quirk, 2012; Morgan, Romanski, & LeDoux, 1993).”