Academic vocabulary and middle school English learners: an intervention study

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Vocabulary Instruction in Fifth Grade and Beyond (2015, background): “Studies also affirm the value of direct instruction of target words (Stahl & Fairbanks, 1986; Townsend & Collins, 2009).”
Evidence for the Importance of Academic Word Knowledge for the Academic Achievement of Diverse Middle School Students (2012, background): “…have proved successful with EO students (Blachowicz & Fisher, 2000) have been proven successful with diverse students as well (Lesaux et al., 2010; Snow et al., 2009; Townsend & Collins, 2009), so teachers would do well to keep these approaches in mind as they organize their vocabulary instruction.”
Words as Tools: Learning Academic Vocabulary as Language Acquisition (2012, methodology): “Language Workshop (Townsend & Collins, 2009) used a number of independent word-learning strategies as well as the study of academic texts in which the words were found.”
Developing Reading Comprehension and Academic Vocabulary for English Language Learners Through Science Content: A Formative Experiment (2011, background): “Research conducted within ELL populations has often supported instruction in general academic vocabulary (e.g., Carlo et al., 2004; Townsend & Collins, 2009); however, instruction of content-specific words has been limited.”