Dioxin and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Scottish farmed salmon (Salmo salar): effects of replacement of dietary marine fish oil with vegetable oils

By J. Bell, F. McGhee, J. Dick, D. Tocher. 2005

170 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Abstract Duplicate groups of Atlantic salmon were fed one of four practical-type diets from first feeding to harvest after 115 weeks. The four diets were low fish oil (17% w/w, LFO), high fish oil (35% w/w, HFO), low vegetable oil (17%, linseed oil [LO]/rapeseed oil [RO], 1:1 w/w; LVO) and high vegetable oil (35%, linseed oil/rapeseed oil, 1:1 w/w; HVO). Following sample collection (average weight 2.1 kg), all groups were switched to the HFO diet for a further 24 weeks. The dioxin concentration in diets was in order HFO>LFO>LVO>HVO, with values ranging from 0.16 to 1.4 ng TEQ/kg. The dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (DL-PCB) concentrations were in the same order with values ranging from 0.62 to 3.68 ng TEQ/kg. Concentrations of dioxins and DL-PCBs in flesh samples were correlated with feed concentrations, but values in flesh were always lower than in feed. Flesh dioxin concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 0.53 ng TEQ/kg and DL-PCBs from 0.58–1.48 ng TEQ/kg. After 24 weeks feeding a fish oil-containing finishing diet (HFO), the flesh dioxin concentrations ranged from 0.20 to 0.54 ng TEQ/kg and the DL-PCBs from 0.66 to 1.07 ng TEQ/kg. Feeding the HVO diet resulted in significant reductions in flesh concentrations of 20:5 n-3 (EPA) and 22:6 n-3 (DHA) to around 25% of the values in fish fed the HFO diet. However, feeding the HFO finishing diet for 24 weeks resulted in restoration of flesh EPA and DHA concentrations to 80% of the values in fish fed the HFO diet throughout. Feeding the finishing diet resulted in significantly increased dioxin levels in flesh of fish previously fed the LFO, LVO and HVO diets, although values were still significantly lower than in fish fed the HFO diet throughout. This study suggests that salmon cultured on diets based on fish meal and oil (HFO) attain flesh dioxin concentrations that are

Subfields: Aquatic Science, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1aa899f2f4b654881df3e026d9ca801d3591e32e

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In Aquatic Science

1. D. Tocher
2. G. Turchini
3. J. Bell
4. Wing Ng
5. A. Tacon
6. M. Metian
7. B. Torstensen
8. R. Waagbø

In Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

1. D. Tocher
2. J. Bell

Citations in the corpus

• Safe and Nutritious Aquaculture Produce: Benefits and Risks of Alternative Sustainable Aquafeeds (2008, result): “However, the flesh dioxin and DL-PCB concentrations in the fish previously cultured on 100% VO diets, following the 24 week finishing diet period, were still 60 and 47% lower, respectively, than the values seen in fish cultured on FO throughout (Bell et al. 2005).”
• Fish oil replacement in finfish nutrition (2009, background): “Substitution of marine oils with VO has been shown to be effective in reducing the levels of dioxins, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorinated pesticides in fish feeds and farmed salmon (Bell et al. 2005; Berntssen et al. 2005, 2007).”
• The time course of fish oil wash-out follows a simple dilution model in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed graded levels of vegetable oils. (2009, background): “Attention also needs to be focused 346 on the transfer from fish oil of PCBs, dioxins and other harmful lipophilic organic 347 chemicals that are now ubiquitous contaminants in the marine ecosystems (Sargent et 348 al., 1995; Jacobs et al., 2002; Bell et al., 2005; Domingo, 2007).”
• Fish for Health: Improved Nutritional Quality of Cultured Fish for Human Consumption (2020, background): “…changes, by substituting contaminated fish oils and fish meals with alternative less contaminated or adulterated dietary lipid and protein sources (Bell et al. 2005; Berntssen et al. 2005; Berntssen et al. 2011; Goncalves et al. 2020; Haldorsen et al., 2017; Heshmati et al. 2019; Turchini et al.…”
• Growth, flesh adiposity and fatty acid composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) families with contrasting flesh adiposity: effects of replacement of dietary fish oil with vegetable oils (2010, methodology): “One way to successfully restore n-3 LC-PUFA is to dilute or wash out 435 the VO-derived fatty acids using a FO finishing diet (Bell et al., 2004; 2005; 436 Torstensen et al., 2004a, 2005) but this has not previously involved different fish 437 genetic groups, that have differences in flesh lipid…”