Market versus technology drive in R&D internationalization: four different patterns of managing research and development

By M. Zedtwitz, Oliver Gassmann. 2002

889 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Economics and Econometrics, Strategy and Management

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ffe06884ba068699463b0fb8f81254f486d39f49

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Citations in the corpus

'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem (2009, background): “…expresses the simultaneous processing of knowledge and innovation at different levels (for example, global, national and sub-national; see, furthermore, Gerybadze and Reger, 1999; von Zedtwitz and Gassmann, 2002), and also refers to stocks and flows of knowledge with local meaning and global reach.”
What determines the location choice of R&D activities by multinational firms? (2013, background): “…as part of firms strategies to source innovation globally (Wortmann, 1990; Hakanson and Nobel, 1993; Florida and Kenney, 1994; Florida, 1997; Patel and Vega, 1999; Le Bas and Sierra, 2002; Iwasa and Odagiri, 2004; von Zedtwitz and Gassmann, 2002; Ambos, 2005; Abramovsky et al., 2008; OECD, 2008).”
Foreign ownership and productivity: new evidence from the service sector and the R&D lab (2004, background): “…are a particularly significant part of this development, with the third highest R&D expenditures in the USA in 1996 of all foreign countries. von Zedtwitz and Gassmann (2002) identify four archetypes of R&D internationalisation based on whether research, development or both are internationally…”
R&D Determinants: accounting for the differences between research and development (2014, background): “Indirect evidence supporting this hypothesis can be found in the internalization patterns of R&D: Research (rather than development) units are located abroad to access frontier knowledge generated in excellence centres (von Zedtwitz and Gassman, 2002).”
R&D Offshoring and the Productivity Growth of European Regions (2012, background): “…contributes to filling this gap by assessing to what extent the pro- 1See for example, Cantwell (1995); Kuemmerle (1999); Patel and Vega (1999); von Zedtwitz and Gassmann (2002); Le Bas and Sierra (2002); Narula and Zanfei (2005); Manning et al. (2008); Dunning and Lundan (2009); Ambos and Ambos…”
INTRODUCTIONOffshoring administrative and technical work: New fields for understanding the global enterprise (2009, background): “Because of the importance of R&D for firms, R&D offshoring has drawn the interest of IB scholars for many years, giving rise to a steady stream of contributions (e.g., Cantwell, 1995; Gammeltoft, 2006; Kuemmerle, 1997, 1999a, 1999b; Serapio, Takabumi, & Dalton, 2004; von Zedtwitz & Gassmann, 2002).”
Open Innovation Diplomacy and a 21st Century Fractal Research, Education and Innovation (FREIE) Ecosystem: Building on the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation Concepts and the “Mode 3” Knowledge Production System (2011, background): “processing of knowledge and innovation at different levels (for example, global, national, and subnational; see, furthermore, [58, 116]) and also refers to stocks and flows of knowledge with local meaning and global reach.”
Corporate Foresight: Its Three Roles in Enhancing the Innovation Capacity of a Firm (2011, neutral): “Today, this networking with other companies has reached beyond supply chain and production to include research [46] and strategic new-product development [47].”
Offshoring of R&D: Looking abroad to improve innovation performance (2011, background): “MNEs also internationalize R&D to acquire knowledge and internalize technological spillovers that are host locationspecific (Feinberg & Gupta, 2004; Florida, 1997; Von Zedtwitz & Gassmann, 2002).”
A Typology of Reverse Innovation (2015, background): “Access to host country advantages has been a strong driver for globalization of innovation (von Zedtwitz and Gassmann, 2002).”