Open Innovation Diplomacy and a 21st Century Fractal Research, Education and Innovation (FREIE) Ecosystem: Building on the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation Concepts and the “Mode 3”…

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The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation (2012, background): “Hence, sustainable development has to be understood in the context of ‘gloCal knowledge economy and society’ (see Carayannis and Campbell 2011; Carayannis and von Zedtwitz 2005; Carayannis and Alexander 2006).”
Quadruple Helix Systems and Symmetry: a Step Towards Helix Innovation System Classification (2014, unknown): “…of society for Triple Helix, including said Triple Helix system, and Quintuple helix system in the context of (natural) environments for society, including said Quadruple Helix system (Carayannis and Campbell 2011), cannot be considered only as one more possible variant of Quintuple Helix system.”
Quadruple helix as a network of relationships: creating value within a Swedish regional innovation system (2019, background): “…and environments focusing on hybrid innovation networks and how knowledge clusters tie together different actors in the quadruple helices (see, e.g. Carayannis and Campbell 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014; Carayannis, Campbell, and Rehman 2016; Carayannis, Goletsis, and Grigoroudis 2018; Carayannis…”