Antigen-Engaged B Cells Undergo Chemotaxis toward the T Zone and Form Motile Conjugates with Helper T Cells

By T. Okada, Mark J. Miller, I. Parker, M. Krummel, M. Neighbors, S. Hartley, A. O’Garra, M. Cahalan, J. Cyster. PLoS Biology, 2005

611 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Interactions between B and T cells are essential for most antibody responses, but the dynamics of these interactions are poorly understood. By two-photon microscopy of intact lymph nodes, we show that upon exposure to antigen, B cells migrate with directional preference toward the B-zone–T-zone boundary in a CCR7-dependent manner, through a region that exhibits a CCR7-ligand gradient. Initially the B cells show reduced motility, but after 1 d, motility is increased to approximately 9 μm/min. Antigen-engaged B cells pair with antigen-specific helper T cells for 10 to more than 60 min, whereas non-antigen-specific interactions last less than 10 min. B cell–T cell conjugates are highly dynamic and migrate extensively, being led by B cells. B cells occasionally contact more than one T cell, whereas T cells are strictly monogamous in their interactions. These findings provide evidence of lymphocyte chemotaxis in vivo, and they begin to define the spatiotemporal cellular dynamics associated with T cell–dependent antibody responses.

Subfields: Immunology, Immunology and Allergy

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f72ee9505dc709fd29335d2a9e907a4014a73724

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Citations in the corpus

Follicular B helper T cells in antibody responses and autoimmunity (2005, background): “At this location, B cells form dynamic conjugates with T cell”
FOLLICULAR HELPER T CELLS: LINEAGE AND LOCATION (2009, background): “Effector Tfh Cell Contact Duration First contact between antigen-specific Th cell and antigenprimed B cells has also been captured through dynamic imaging (Okada et al., 2005).”
Germinal-center organization and cellular dynamics. (2007, background): “In addition, although GC B cells have been estimated to be 5–20 times more abundant in the GC than GC T cells, less than one third of the T cells were moving at the slow B cell velocities that have so far typified cognate B-T conjugates (Allen et al., 2007; Okada et al., 2005).”
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIX. Update on the Extended Family of Chemokine Receptors and Introducing a New Nomenclature for Atypical Chemokine Receptors (2014, neutral): “The CXCL13/CXCR5 axis supports ;50% of the signaling required for B-cell entry from blood to Peyer’s patch; CXCR4 may also contribute (Okada et al., 2002, 2005).”
The who, how and where of antigen presentation to B cells (2009, background): “The first surprising observation from these multiphoton microscopy studies was the highly motile nature of lymphocytes within the resting lymph nod”
Cytokine-secreting follicular T cells shape the antibody repertoire (2009, background): “3 online), which suggested that these may represent stable B cell–T cell conjugate”
Chemokines and chemokine receptors: positioning cells for host defense and immunity. (2014, background): “This alteration in chemoattractant receptors then guides the B cell to the edge of the follicle at the T/B cell border (165, 167).”
Subcapsular encounter and complement-dependent transport of immune complexes by lymph node B cells (2007, methodology): “Explanted lymph nodes were prepared for two-photon microscopy as describe”
The functional network of ion channels in T lymphocytes (2009, background): “Meanwhile, after engaging soluble antigen, B cells migrate in a directed manner toward the follicle edge (269), where they appear to capture helper T cells and migrate together as conjugate pairs with the B cell leading the way.”
GERMINAL CENTER B CELL DYNAMICS (2016, neutral): “cell zone (T:B border), where they receive co-stimulatory signals from CD4 helper T cells (Garside et al., 1998; Okada et al., 2005).”
Role of CXCR5 and CCR7 in Follicular Th Cell Positioning and Appearance of a Programmed Cell Death Gene-1High Germinal Center-Associated Subpopulation1 (2007, background): “Notably, T cells from line 29 (X5) displayed a tendency to enter the T zoneproximal region of the follicle, a zone that has been shown to contain a decreasing gradient of the CCR7 ligand, CCL21 (33).”