Viral Persistence Alters CD8 T-Cell Immunodominance and Tissue Distribution and Results in Distinct Stages of Functional Impairment

By E. Wherry, J. Blattman, Kaja Murali-Krishna, R. G. van der Most, Rafi Ahmed. Journal of Virology, 2003

1,706 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f6ef80d4dda4623587df534edfd1ca4f9050e65b

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In Immunology

Citations in the corpus

Shaping and reshaping CD8+ T-cell memory (2008, background): “By contrast, persistent infections often cause substantial alterations in the phenotype and functionality of memory CD8 + T cell”
Overcoming T cell exhaustion in infection and cancer (2015, background): “During the development of exhaustion, CD8+ T cells lose effector functions in a hierarchical manner: Production of IL-2, high proliferative capacity and ex-vivo cytolytic activity are lost first, followed by functional impairments in the production of TNFα, IFNγ, beta chemokines, and degranulation, ”
Signals required for programming effector and memory development by CD8+ T cells (2006, background): “Furthermore, although AINR cells initially remain functional effector cells (38), functional capacity is lost over time (66, 67).”
Multifunctional TH1 cells define a correlate of vaccine-mediated protection against Leishmania major (2007, background): “Indeed, this type of linear progression as it relates to cytokine production has been suggested at the population level for CD8 + T cells in response to chronic viral infectio”
T cell exhaustion (2011, background): “During exhaustion, loss of function occurs in a hierarchical manner, with exhausted CD8 + T cells losing some properties before losing other”
The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection (2007, background): “For example, during chronic LCMV infection, virus-specific CD8 + T cells lose the ability to produce cytokines, lyse infected cells and proliferate in a progressive and hierarchical wa”
Memory CD8 T-Cell Differentiation during Viral Infection (2004, background): “Cells in this state are incapable of ex vivo cytotoxicity and IL-2 and TNF- production and have now also completely lost the ability to synthesize IFN- in response to peptide stimulation (37, 70, 71, 129, 138).”
Exhaustion of tumor-specific CD8⁺ T cells in metastases from melanoma patients. (2011, background): “The murine infection with LCMV clone 13 is a prototype model of functional T cell impairment, called T cell exhaustion, with progressively reduced production of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, followed by incapacity to lyse (infected) target cells (13, 14).”
CD8 T Cell Exhaustion During Chronic Viral Infection and Cancer. (2019, background): “Loss of IL-2 production occurs early followed by defects in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production (63, 64).”
Targeting Tim-3 and PD-1 pathways to reverse T cell exhaustion and restore anti-tumor immunity (2010, background): “Both populations were equally represented among IFN- –producing TILs.”
Cooperation of Tim-3 and PD-1 in CD8 T-cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection (2010, methodology): “LCMV strains were propagated, titered, and used as previously described (14).”
Redefining chronic viral infection. (2009, neutral): “Eventually, especially if viral load is high or if help from CD4 T cells is lacking, virus-specific CD8 T cells deficient for most effector functions (for example, ex vivo cytotoxic activity, production of IL-2, TNF, and IFN-γ) are found (Zajac et al., 1998; Wherry et al., 2003).”