Everyday Sexism: Evidence for Its Incidence, Nature, and Psychological Impact From Three Daily Diary Studies

By Janet K. Swim, Lauri Hyers, Laurie L. Cohen, Melissa Ferguson. 2001

884 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eccbb43ace89a99d348cb27271f052bbe6a4b20e

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Gender Studies

Citations in the corpus

Slurs, Snubs, and Queer Jokes: Incidence and Impact of Heterosexist Harassment in Academia (2008, positive): “Similar to the concepts of “everyday sexism” (Swim et al. 2001), and racial microaggression (Sue et al. 2007), less extreme forms of HH represent more commonplace acts that may or may not be meant to intentionally harass others but nevertheless convey hostility, insult, or derogation toward…”
Using Experiential Learning to Increase the Recognition of Everyday Sexism as Harmful: The WAGES Intervention (2014, background): “The frequent and mundane nature of everyday sexism makes it difficult to recognize how small effects accumulate over time to produce notable gender disparities (Swim et al., 2001; Valian, 1998).”
Racism and Sexism as Correlates of African American Women’s Psychological Distress (2010, background): “Corning 2002; Fischer and Holz 2007; Moradi and Subich 2002, 2003, 2004; Klonoff et al. 2000; Landrine et al. 1995b; Swim et al. 2001; Szymanski et al. 2009) and internalized sexism (c.f.”
The Psychological Impact of Prejudice: Implications for Intergroup Contact (2003, background): “At the same time, members of devalued and dominant groups are differentially exposed to prejudice in the larger society ( Jones et al., 1984; Swim et al., 2001), which may lead them to show different responses to expressed prejudice from the outgroup.”
When What You See Is What You Get (2011, background): “Because one experience of the objectifying gaze caused decreased math performance and increased interaction motivation, these effects may accumulate over time, given that women report frequent sexual objectification experiences (Swim et al., 2001).”
Diary methods: capturing life as it is lived. (2003, methodology): “Such models may evolve from an initial model of the time course in the dependent variable (e.g., Bolger & Eckenrode 1991) or from an interest in explanatory variables that are not necessarily related to elapsed time in the study (e.g., Swim et al. 2001).”
A Stress and Coping Perspective on Confronting Sexism (2004, background): “Women are exposed to prejudiced attitudes and sexist treatment across a wide variety of situations and contexts (Swim, Cohen, & Hyers, 1998; Swim, Hyers, Cohen, & Ferguson, 2001 ).”
Leadership Efficacy and Women Leaders' Responses to Stereotype Activation (2007, background): “Finally, previous research highlights the deleterious effects that negative stereotypes can have on the psychological well-being of the targets of the stereotypes (Swim et al., 2001).”
Embodied Discrimination: The Relation of Sexism and Distress to Women’s Drinking and Smoking Behaviors (2007, background): “In addition, daily diary studies of sexist experiences, which correct for possible limitations of retrospective reporting inherent in the measures described previously, show that women who reported more sexist events in daily life also experienced more feelings of anger and depression ( Swim, Hyers,”
Sexual Self-Esteem in American and British College Women: Relations with Self-Objectification and Eating Problems (2009, background): “Being sexually objectified is a pervasive aspect of girls’ and women’s social lives in Westernized societies (Bartky 1990; Calogero et al. 2007; Huebner and Fredrickson 1999; Swim et al. 2001; Thompson et al. 1999).”
Assessing the Role of Body Image Coping Strategies as Mediators or Moderators of the Links Between Self-Objectification, Body Shame, and Well-Being (2009, background): “The sexual objectification of women in Western culture is extensive (Calogero 2004; Kilborne 2002; Stankiewicz and Rosselli 2008; Swim et al. 2001).”
The social psychology of stigma. (2005, background): “…and with self-reported physical health problems, such as hypertension, number of sick days, and chronic pain (e.g., Contrada et al. 2001, Diaz et al. 2001, Finch et al. 2000, Klonoff et al. 2000, Krieger 1990, Lewis et al. 2003, Swim et al. 2001, Taylor & Turner 2002, Williams et al. 1997).”
Internalized Misogyny as a Moderator of the Link between Sexist Events and Women’s Psychological Distress (2009, methodology): “Sexist events were assessed via the Daily Sexist Events Scale (Swim et al. 1998; Swim et al. 2001 ), which consists of 26 items assessing sexism in the forms of traditional gender role stereotyping and prejudice and unwanted sexually objectifying comments and behaviors.”