Exportin-5 mediates the nuclear export of pre-microRNAs and short hairpin RNAs.

By R. Yi, Yi Qin, I. Macara, Bryan R. Cullen. Genes & Development, 2003

3,237 citations recorded by the source corpus.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are initially expressed as long transcripts that are processed in the nucleus to yield approximately 65-nucleotide (nt) RNA hairpin intermediates, termed pre-miRNAs, that are exported to the cytoplasm for additional processing to yield mature, approximately 22-nt miRNAs. Here, we demonstrate that human pre-miRNA nuclear export, and miRNA function, are dependent on Exportin-5. Exportin-5 can bind pre-miRNAs specifically in vitro, but only in the presence of the Ran-GTP cofactor. Short hairpin RNAs, artificial pre-miRNA analogs used to express small interfering RNAs, also depend on Exportin-5 for nuclear export. Together, these findings define an additional cellular cofactor required for miRNA biogenesis and function.

Subfields: Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e226b8871e0b0378a2e31b17d6091e3a359997a5

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Citations in the corpus

miRNAs as Biomarkers in Disease: Latest Findings Regarding Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis (2020, background): “The latter is then transported to the cytoplasm, with the help of Exportin-5, where it is cleaved again by the Ago2/Dicer complex leading to the short, mature miRNA double strands [16].”
MicroRNAs in cell proliferation, cell death, and tumorigenesis (2006, background): “Pre-miRNAs are rapidly exported to the cytoplasm by the nuclear export factor exportin 5 which uses Ran-GTP as a cofactor (Yi et al, 2003; Bohnsack et al, 2004; Lund et al, 2004).”
The role of PACT in the RNA silencing pathway (2006, background): “Pre-miRNAs are then exported to the cytoplasm with the help of exportin-5 (Exp5) (Yi et al, 2003; Bohnsack et al, 2004; Lund et al, 2004) and subsequently processed into mature miRNA of B22 nt by another RNase III Dicer (Grishok et al, 2001; Hutvagner et al, 2001).”
Human microRNAs are processed from capped, polyadenylated transcripts that can also function as mRNAs. (2004, methodology): “Nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA fractions were prepared as previously described (Yi et al. 2003).”
Mammalian microRNAs: experimental evaluation of novel and previously annotated genes. (2010, background): “The level of mmu-miR-1224, an annotated mirtronic miRNA (Berezikov et al. 2007), increased in the presence of TNdrosha, as expected if this pre-miRNA had more access to Exportin-5 and Dicer when the canonical pre-miRNAs were reduced (Grimm et al. 2006).”
Unique microRNA molecular profiles in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. (2006, background): “miRNAs are expressed as long precursor RNAs that are processed by a cellular nuclease, Drosha, before being transported by an Exportin-5-dependent mechanism into the cytoplasm (Yi et al., 2003; Gregoryand Shiekhattar, 2005).”
Second-generation shRNA libraries covering the mouse and human genomes (2005, background): “This distinctive structure signals transport of the pre-miRNA to the cytoplasm by a mechanism mediated by Exportin-5 (refs”
An overview of microRNAs (2015, background): “The precursor is exported out of the nucleus in a Ran-GTPase dependent manner by Exportin5[42-44].”
The Drosha-DGCR8 complex in primary microRNA processing. (2004, background): “The processing intermediates, pre-miRNAs, are exported out of the nucleus by exportin-5 (Exp5) (Yi et al. 2003; Bohnsack et al. 2004; Lund et al. 2004) and they are subsequently cleaved by the cytoplas- mic RNase III Dicer into ∼22-nt miRNA duplexes (Bernstein et al. 2001; Grishok et al. 2001;…”
Human MicroRNA Targets (2004, background): “The premiRNA is subsequently transported across the nuclear membrane, dependent on the protein exportin 5 (Lund et al. 2003; Yi et al. 2003).”
Antisense inhibition of human miRNAs and indications for an involvement of miRNA in cell growth and apoptosis (2005, background): “MiRNAs are expressed as long precursor RNAs that get processed by a cellular nuclease, Drosha, before being transported by an Exportin-5dependent mechanism into the cytoplasm (2).”
Identification of microRNAs of the herpesvirus family (2005, neutral): “Rhadinovirus HHV8/KSHV NC_003409 100 8 (6) 5 (5) 10”
Microarray analysis of microRNA expression in the developing mammalian brain (2004, background): “The precursor microRNA is then exported by Ran-GTP and Exportin-5 to the cytoplasm, where it is further processed by the RNAse Dicer [26,27].”
Non-coding RNAs in Development and Disease: Background, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approaches. (2016, background): “The resulting hairpin precursor of 60 nucleotides (pre-miRNA) translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm mediated by Exportin-5 and RAN-GTP (23, 176, 300).”
DGCR8 is essential for microRNA biogenesis and silencing of embryonic stem cell self-renewal (2007, background): “The resulting hairpins are exported into the cytoplas”