The cost of violence/stress at work and the benefits of a violence/stress-free working environment

By H. Hoel. 2001

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Work-life balance of UK construction workers: relationship with mental health (2020, background): “Protracted exposure to those risk factors is associated with poor mental health and reduced work performance in workplaces (Hassard et al. 2014) and reduced quality of life and relationship with the family in personal lives (Hoel et al. 2001, Amick and Mustard 2005).”
National surveillance of psychosocial risk factors in the workplace: An international overview (2007, background): “Hoel, Sparks, and Cooper (2001) estimate that stress and violence in the workplace may account for 1 3.5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in a range of countries.”
Leader toxicity: An empirical investigation of toxic behavior and rhetoric (2010, background): “, ganging up on a coworker, singling out an employee for harassment) have found that the prevalence of bullying has increased not only in the USA, but in Europe, South Africa, and Australia, as well (Einarsen and Skogstad, 1996; Hoel et al., 2001; Leyman, 1996).”
Workers' perception of workplace bullying: A cross-cultural study (2011, background): “Hoel, Sparks, and Cooper ( 2001 ) highlighted that such phenomenon can lead to increased pressure on social services and welfare, growing medical costs, premature retirement, or potential loss of productive workers.”