Is there a Gender Difference in False Belief Development

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“Do you know what I want?” Preschoolers’ talk about desires, thoughts and feelings in their conversations with sibs and friends (2007, background): “A clearer picture can be drawn concerning gender differences in inner state talk: girls show a small but significant advantage in their performance on tests of “theory of mind” (eg, Charman, Ruffman, & Clements, 2002 ) and emotion understanding (eg, Hughes & Dunn, 2002 ), coupled with more frequen”
What are the Links Between Theory of Mind and Social Relations? Review, Reflections and New Directions for Studies of Typical and Atypical Development (2004, background): “of theory-of-mind acquisition (Charman et al., 2002) and in real-life applications of theory-of-mind skills (Hughes, Deater-Deckard & Cutting, 1999; Hughes & Dunn, 1998).”
The Development of Mentalisation in Children From a Theory of Mind Perspective (2010, background): “Parental discipline style has also been linked to children's theory of mind ( Charman, Ruffman, and Clements, 2002 ) and discipline in which mothers encouraged perspective taking by discussing the emotional perspective of the victim and emphasising that the transgression was un-intentional was assoc”
Empathy: Gender effects in brain and behavior (2014, background): “By 2 to 6 years of age, females outperform males in false belief tasks (Charman et al., 2002), a classical test of ToM.”