Optimising Learning Using Flashcards: Spacing Is More Effective Than Cramming

325 citations recorded by the source corpus.

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

Spaced Repetition Promotes Efficient and Effective Learning (2016, background): “Incorporating spaced repetitions into existing educational practice is feasible and has great potential to produce gains to learning without requiring added resources (time or money).”
The Power of Successive Relearning: Improving Performance on Course Exams and Long-Term Retention (2013, background): “Of particular interest here, spacing has larger and longer-lasting effects on retentionwhen practice trials for a given item are distributed across days versus within a session (e.g., Cepeda et al. 2006; Kornell 2009).”
Self-regulated learning: beliefs, techniques, and illusions. (2013, background): “For instance, across multiple experiments, Kornell (2009) reported that 90% of the college student participants had better performance after spacing than massing practice.”
How Retrieval Attempts Affect Learning: A Review and Synthesis (2016, background): “Kornell (2014) investigated the benefits of attempting to answer memorable but largely unknown trivia questions (eg, Q: What was the first state to allow women to vote?”