Commonalities and differences in close relationships among the Americans and Japanese: A comparison by the individualism/collectivism concept

By Keiko Takahashi, Naomi Ohara, T. Antonucci, Hiroko Akiyama. 2002

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Individualism/Collectivism, Perceived Task Interdependence and Teamwork Attitudes among Irish Blue-Collar Employees: a Test of the Main and Moderating Effects? (2004, methodology): “Collectivists, with their focus on collective interests and goals, tend to emphasize harmony and the avoidance of conflicts (Takahashi et al., 2002).”
How individualism–collectivism orientations predict happiness in a collectivistic context (2009, background): “The first are more inclined to compete, be assertive and place low emphasis on group harmony, while the latter are more willing to cooperate, avoid conflict and emphasize harmony (Cox et al. 1991; Wagner 1995; Takahashi et al. 2002; Ramamoorthy and Flood 2002, 2004).”
Response Styles in Cross-national Survey Research (2006, background): “Within Eastern Europe two clear patterns are visible, with Russia and Poland showing high disacquiescence, low MRS and low positive ERS, while Bulgaria and Lithuania show the reverse pattern.”
Profiles of social relations among older adults: a cross-cultural approach (2008, background): “…a simple dichotomy between the individualistic and the collectivistic, such a view requires recognising the ‘heterogeneity and overlap that exists between and within different cultural communities ’ (Miller 2002: 104) by making multi-dimensional comparisons across cultures (Takahashi et al. 2002).”