The relation between fluid intelligence and the general factor as a function of cultural background: a test of Cattell's investment theory

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Verbal fluency and creativity: General and specific contributions of broad retrieval ability (Gr) factors to divergent thinking (2013, methodology): “As Chen et al. (2012) point out, higher-order and bifactor models are differentways of representing a general factor, and both are commonly used in intelligence research (Gustafsson, 2001; Kvist & Gustafsson, 2008), so we applied both models to general Gr and its specific factors.”
Brain volume and intelligence: The moderating role of intelligence measurement quality (2017, background): “For example, Gf and Gc are known to relate to g very strongly (Gignac, 2014; Kvist & Gustafsson, 2008), whereas Gsm (excluding working memory tasks) and Gs have been found to be weaker indicators of g (Reynolds & Keith, 2007).”
Fluid Intelligence as a Predictor of Learning: A Longitudinal Multilevel Approach Applied to Math. (2010, background): “Fluid intelligence is also recognized as a causal factor 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 TEin learning, especially in novel situations (Kvist & Gustafsson, 2008;Voelkle, Wittmann, & Ackerman, 2006; Watkins, Lei & Canivez, 2007).”
A Heuristic Framework of Spatial Ability: a Review and Synthesis of Spatial Factor Literature to Support its Translation into STEM Education (2018, unknown): “Additionally, fluid intelligence (Gf) has been identified as a causal factor in general learning as it supports the acquisition of knowledge and skills (Kvist and Gustafsson 2008; Primi et al. 2010).”