A fundamental role for interleukin-21 in the generation of T follicular helper cells.

By A. Vogelzang, H. McGuire, Di Yu, J. Sprent, C. Mackay, C. King. Immunity, 2008

762 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/84cb13d89420588dfb3b1ae7cd59362cc0ef6a14

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Citations in the corpus

Follicular Helper T Cells. (2016, background): “IL-21-deficient mice have lower numbers of Tfh cells after immunization with certain antigens, and IL-21R-deficient T cells are intrinsically impaired in Tfh cell formation, suggesting there is autocrine regulation of Tfh cells (72, 120).”
IL-21 regulates germinal center B cell differentiation and proliferation through a B cell–intrinsic mechanism (2010, background): “Tfh development in IL-21–deficient mice The abnormal development of ASC and GC in IL-21/ and IL-21R/ mice raised the question of the nature of the T cell help in these mice (Nurieva et al., 2008; Vogelzang et al., 2008).”
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and interleukin-2 combine to inhibit T cell production of inflammatory cytokines and promote development of regulatory T cells expressing CTLA-4 and FoxP3 (2009, background): “Recently, additional CD4 T cell lineages including IL-17-secreting T cells (Th17), regulatory T cells (Tregs),(3) and T follicular helper cells (TFH) have been identified, which arise in response to T cell activation under appropriate conditions (2, 3).”
CD4+T Cells: Differentiation and Functions (2012, background): “IL6 and IL21 are the main cytokines involved in the differentiation process [103, 104].”
Human Blood CXCR5+CD4+ T Cells Are Counterparts of T Follicular Cells and Contain Specific Subsets that Differentially Support Antibody Secretion (2011, background): “Consistent with previous studies with Tfh cells (Bauquet et al., 2009; Odegard et al., 2008; Vogelzang et al., 2008), B cell help by blood CXCR5+CD4+ T cells was also depen- dent on ICOS, as shown by the fact that blocking of ICOS-ICOS ligand interaction inhibited both IL-21 secretion (Figure S2B)…”
Bcl6 dependent T follicular helper cell differentiation diverges from effector cell differentiation during priming and depends on the gene Icos (2011, neutral): “…normal Tfh cell differentiation in vivo in the absence of IL-6 or IL-21 (Poholek et al., 2010; Zotos et al., 2010), though partial defects were found in other studies (Linterman et al., 2010; Vogelzang et al., 2008), possibly because of reduced maintenance of Tfh cells (Linterman et al., 2010).”
Peripheral CD4 T cell differentiation regulated by networks of cytokines and transcription factors (2010, background): “responsible for cell homing to B-cell follicle (23, 24, 172).”
Vaccine delivery: a matter of size, geometry, kinetics and molecular patterns (2010, background): “It has recently been shown that a subset of T helper cells known as T follicular helper cells is required for optimal IgG response”
Cytokine-secreting follicular T cells shape the antibody repertoire (2009, background): “However, studies suggest that T FH cells do not express these cytokines and thus it remains unknown whether these cytokines act locally or through some bystander mechanism to help B cells in the G”
Differentiation of Effector CD4 T Cell Populations (2010, neutral): “It has been proposed that the inclusion of IL-6 or IL-21 together with a TCR-mediated stimulation will induce these cells (44, 45), but this idea is still controversial.”
Induction of ICOS+CXCR3+CXCR5+ TH Cells Correlates with Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination (2013, background): “Inducible costimulator (ICOS), expressed at high density by TFH cells in human tonsils (9), plays a critical role for their development (10–12) and functions (13, 14).”
Plasticity of CD4+ T cell lineage differentiation. (2009, background): “Th17 cell differentiation requires retinoidrelated orphan receptor (ROR)gt, a transcription factor that is induced by TGF-b in combination with the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-21, and IL-23, all of which activate Stat3 phosphorylation (Chen et al., 2007).”
New insights into the regulation of T cells by γc family cytokines (2009, neutral): “Il21 −/− mice have defective germinal centre formation as well as decreased numbers of T FH cell”
FOLLICULAR HELPER T CELLS: LINEAGE AND LOCATION (2009, background): “These studies also demonstrate a role for IL-21 in the development of CXCR5+ICOShi Tfh cells that was further enhanced by contact with ICOSL on B cells in vitro (Vogelzang et al., 2008) and in vivo (Nurieva et al., 2008).”
The role of interleukin-2 during homeostasis and activation of the immune system (2012, background): “T FH cells are known to produce and use IL-21, and they are characterized by high levels of expression of inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS), CXC-chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) and the transcriptional repressor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6”