Differentiation of Effector CD4 T Cell Populations
By Jinfang Zhu, H. Yamane, W. E. Paul. Annual Review of Immunology, 2010
3,460 citations recorded by the source corpus.
CD4 T cells play critical roles in mediating adaptive immunity to a variety of pathogens. They are also involved in autoimmunity, asthma, and allergic responses as well as in tumor immunity. During TCR activation in a particular cytokine milieu, naive CD4 T cells may differentiate into one of several lineages of T helper (Th) cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and iTreg, as defined by their pattern of cytokine production and function. In this review, we summarize the discovery, functions, and relationships among Th cells; the cytokine and signaling requirements for their development; the networks of transcription factors involved in their differentiation; the epigenetic regulation of their key cytokines and transcription factors; and human diseases involving defective CD4 T cell differentiation.
Subfields: Immunology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/525f92c46300e4e8ee8fe07a5e39dc0e3931bc05
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Citations in the corpus
- Immunological Principles Guiding the Rational Design of Particles for Vaccine Delivery. (2017, neutral): “Activated CD4+ T cells, or T helper (Th) cells, provide critical support to many aspects of the immune response, including CTL and serum antibody responses.(40) While numerous specialized”
- The Glucose Transporter Glut1 is Selectively Essential for CD4 T Cell Activation and Effector Function (2014, neutral): “Naive CD4 T cells can be induced to differentiate into Th1, Th2, Th17, or Treg subsets in appropriate 66 Cell Metabolism 20, 61–72, July 1, 2014 ª2014 Elsevier Inc. cytokine conditions (Zhu et al., 2010).”
- Immunological mechanisms of vaccination (2011, background): “For example, distinct subsets of helper T cells, such as T H 1, T H 2 and T H 17, are effective at protecting against different pathogen”
- HIF1α–dependent glycolytic pathway orchestrates a metabolic checkpoint for the differentiation of TH17 and Treg cells (2011, background): “T cell differentiation is programmed by coordinated induction of transcription factors and cytokine receptors to facilitate the establishment of specific lineages (Littman and Rudensky, 2010; Zhu et al., 2010).”
- Control of T(H)17/T(reg) balance by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. (2011, neutral): “Despite their diverse functions, these T cell subsets largely differentiate from the same pool of precursor naive CD4 T cells upon stimulation by antigen in the presence of unique cytokine signals that are present in the microenvironment (Murphy and Reiner, 2002; Zhu et al., 2010).”
- Bcl6 dependent T follicular helper cell differentiation diverges from effector cell differentiation during priming and depends on the gene Icos (2011, neutral): “Naive CD4+ T cells differentiate into different effector cells and elicit various immunological effector functions, such as clearing viruses (Th1 cells), helminths (Th2 cells), and fungi (Th17 cells) or suppressing immune responses (iTreg cells) (Zhu et al., 2010).”
- NF-κB signaling in inflammation (2017, neutral): “37 The activation of naive T cells is initiated upon engagement of the TCR by a specific antigen presented on antigen-presenting cells, mostly dendritic cells.”
- Opposing regulation of the Il17 locus through direct, reciprocal actions of STAT3 and STAT5 (2011, background): “1995" language="eng" relation="no"> Optimal host defense requires that CD4 + helper T cells adopt distinct cellular fates to efficiently eliminate microbial pathogen”
- Metabolic programming and PDHK1 control CD4+ T cell subsets and inflammation. (2015, neutral): “Each of these subsets plays a unique role in the adaptive immune system, with Teffs driving immunity and inflammation while Tregs play an opposing role, suppressing Teffs to limit excessive inflammatory responses (1).”
- OMIP-042: 21-color flow cytometry to comprehensively immunophenotype major lymphocyte and myeloid subsets in human peripheral blood (2017, background): “Next, a combination of cell surface markers, including multiple chemokine receptors, identifies T cell activation, T regulatory cells (Tregs), T cell memory status, and all major Th subsets (3,4,8,9).”