Executive function deficits in high-functioning autistic individuals: relationship to theory of mind.

By Sally Ozonoff, Bruce F. Pennington, Sally J. Rogers. 1991

Subfields: Neuroscience, Cognitive Science & Psychology

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Embodiment and sense-making in autism (2013, background): “This would explain, for instance, problems with the inhibition of behavior, the strong need for routines and structure, narrow interests, repetitive and stereotypic movements and thought processes, and a need for sameness (Ozonoff et al., 1991; Russell et al., 1991; Russell, 1998).”
The functional neuroanatomy of social behaviour: changes in cerebral blood flow when people with autistic disorder process facial expressions. (2000, background): “tuberous sclerosis) (Bolton and Griffiths, 1997); and (iii) individuals with autism are impaired on ‘frontal’ executive tasks (Ozonoff et al., 1991; Hughes et al., 1994).”
Individual differences in inhibitory control and children's theory of mind. (2001, background): “Third, in addition to ToM deficits, autistic individuals (even those with relatively normal IQ) show impairments on classical executive functioning tasks, such as the Wisconsin Card Sort and Tower of Hanoi (Hughes & Russell, 1993; Ozonoff, Pennington, & Rogers, 1991 ).”
Vision in autism spectrum disorders. (2009, background): “The final dominant cognitive theory of ASD has been the ‘‘Executive Dysfunction” account (Hill, 2004, 2008; Ozonoff et al., 1991; Russell, 1997).”
Why the frontal cortex in autism might be talking only to itself: local over-connectivity but long-distance disconnection. (2005, background): “For example, individuals with autism are typically unable to surmise what another person is thinking [6] or might respond perseveratively once they are taught a particular set of rules [7].”
Critical autism studies: exploring epistemic dialogues and intersections, challenging dominant understandings of autism (2016, unknown): “…been a number of cognitive theories proposed since the late 1980s, such as weak central coherence (Frith and Happé 1994), executive dysfunction (Ozonoff, Pennington, and Rogers 1991), a theory of ‘mindblindness’ (Baron-Cohen 1995) and a neurophysiological theory of mirror neuron dysfunction…”
Autism: The Empathizing–Systemizing (E‐S) Theory (2009, methodology): “Expressed differently, can the E-S theory explain the findings from ED theory of perseveration on the Wisconsin Card Sorting test or poor planning on the Tower of London test (Ozonoff et al. 1991; Rumsey & Hamberger 1988; Russell 1997)?”
Understanding autism: insights from mind and brain. (2003, background): “Children with autism have been found to be impaired on such tasks (Ozonoff et al. 1991; Hughes et al. 1994; Ozonoff & McEvoy 1994; Ozonoff & Jensen 1999).”
Executive function and theory of mind: stability and prediction from ages 2 to 3. (2004, methodology): “This task is similar to Perner and Lang’s (2002) Reversal Shift task for older children, which uses cards with pictures rather than three-dimensional objects (see also Brooks, Hanauer, Padowska, & Rosman, 2003).”
Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Self-Regulation in Preschoolers. (2007, unknown): “…in typically (e.g., Carlson & Moses, 2001; Carlson, Moses, & Breton, 2002; Perner & Lang, 1999) and atypically developing children (e.g., Colvert, Custance, & Swettenham, 2002; Ozonoff et al., 1991; Zelazo, Jacques, Burack, & Frye, 2002), even after controlling for age, verbal ability, and IQ.”
Sampling the form of inner experience in three adults with Asperger syndrome (1994, background): “However, not all subjects with autistic disorder have the same degree of theory of mind 1 Address for correspondence: Dr U. Frith, MRC Cognitive Development Unit, 4, Taviton Street, London WCIH OBT. deficit (Baron-Cohen, 1989; Ozonoff et al. 1991; Happe, 1991a; Bowler, 1992).”
Developmentally Sensitive Measures of Executive Function in Preschool Children (2005, unknown): “... 1996), early hydrocephalus (Fletcher et al., 1996), Tourette’s syndrome (Denckla, 1996), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Barkley, 1997; Denckla, 1996), neurofibromatosis (Denckla, 1996), meningitis (Taylor, Schatschneider, Petrill, Barry, & Owens, 1996), premature birth (Espy et al., 2”