The F–PEC Scale of Family Influence: Construction, Validation, and Further Implication for Theory

By Sabine Klein, J. Astrachan, Kosmas X. Smyrnios. 2005

717 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Accounting, Management of Technology and Innovation, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7c13650ba4823bc3b1c6d0c1feb13aafac600e61

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Citations in the corpus

Empirics in Family Business Research (2016, background): “privately held and resistant to providing confidential information about the business (Neubauer & Lank, 1998). As a field, since we want to avoid overreliance on any one type of sample (e.g., large, publicly traded companies), it seems that more creative approaches to data gathering and methods are ”
Family business and financial performance: Current state of knowledge and future research challenges (2011, methodology): “With reference to the studies carried out on listed American companies, the percentage of family firms of the total is about 35% (Anderson & Reeb, 2003; Lee, 2006; Villalonga & Amit, 2006), except in the study by Miller et al. (2007), who identify a 47% of family business, where only 29% can properl”
Corporate governance, family ownership and performance (2010, methodology): “This method, which produces a better understanding of the establishment of a firm’s family nature, was recently formulated by Astrachan et al. (2002) ; Caselli and Gatti (2006) and Jaskiewicz et al. (2005) have already applied it in their empirical studies.”
Family ownership, financing constraints and investment decisions (2011, background): “( 2005 ) correctly point out that dichotomizing family influence does not capture the full complexity of family firms and propose a more sophisticated measure (the so-called ‘Family-Power, Experience, Culture (F-PEC) scale’) that quantifies family influence along several dimensions (power, experienc”
Exploring the relation between family involvement and firms' financial performance: A meta-analysis of main and moderator effects (2012, background): “This issue confounds measurement and seriously limits our understanding of key relationships in the field of family business (Chrisman et al., 2005; Holt et al., 2010; Klein et al., 2005).”
Latent Profile Analysis (2017, background): “…in the firm affects outcome variables, most of the identified measures (e.g., F-PEC, FIBER, SEWi, FIFS; Berrone et al., 2012; Debicki et al., 2016; Frank et al., 2016; Klein et al., 2005) or family firm–specific variables were not intended, nor are they empirically used, to classify family firms.”
Family Orientation: Individual-Level Influences on Family Firm Outcomes (2008, background): “…F-PEC scale of family influence, which was developed in part to obviate the problem of identifying whether a company is or is not a family firm (Astrachan et al., 2002; Klein et al., 2005), assesses family influence using three dimensions: power, experience, and culture (hence the name “F-PEC”).”