The Role of Recess in Children's Cognitive Performance and School Adjustment

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Physical fitness and academic achievement in third- and fifth-grade students. (2007, background): “Despite public concern for health issues among youth, physical activity opportunities are currently being reduced (Pellegrini & Bohn, 2005) and childhood obesity rates are on the rise (McKenzie & Kahan, 2004; Pellegrini & Bohn, 2005; USDHHS, 2000).”
Pretend Play, Divergent Thinking, and Math Achievement in Girls: A Longitudinal Study (2015, background): “Other researchers have asserted that the link between play and academic achievement is mediated by factors such as improved focus/concentration (Pellegrini & Bohn, 2005) or development of socially appropriate behavior that facilitates school adjustment (Golinkoff, Hirsh-Pasek, & Singer, 2006).”
A Quantitative Review of Physical Activity, Health, and Learning Outcomes Associated With Classroom-Based Physical Activity Interventions (2012, background): “Yet, studies examining the effects of recess breaks show that short instructional periods followed by brief physical activity breaks lead to students who demonstrate higher attention levels and willingness to work on cognitive tasks (Pellegrini & Bohn, 2005).”
The Development of Play (2015, background): “Other studies, however, have shown that children who engage in more construction play generally also are more likely to solve problems that involve construction (Gredlein & Bjorklund, 2005; Pellegrini & Gustafson, 2005).”