Mental Simulation and Preference Consistency over Time: The Role of Process- versus Outcome-Focused Thoughts

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Mental Simulation and Product Evaluation: The Affective and Cognitive Dimensions of Process versus Outcome Simulation (2011, methodology): “Note that these headlines and simulation instructions also reflect the common approach of manipulating process versus outcome simulation in the literature (Escalas and Luce 2003, 2004; Zhao, Hoeffler, and Zauberman 2007).”
When Mental Simulation Hinders Behavior: The Effects of Process-Oriented Thinking on Decision Difficulty and Performance (2009, unknown): “…example, process-oriented thinking increases the consistency of preferences across indirect experiences (e.g., reading product descriptions) and direct product experiences (e.g., product trial; Hamilton and Thompson 2007) and when imagining events in the distant and near future (Zhao et al. 2007).”
Managing Consumer Uncertainty in the Adoption of New Products: Temporal Distance and Mental Simulation (2008, methodology): “…(e.g., MacInnis and Price 1990), we distinguish between two types of mental simulations that have been recently investigated—outcome-focused simulations, or why-thinking, and process-focused simulations, or howthinking (Escalas and Luce 2004; Taylor et al. 1998; Zhao, Hoeffler, and Zauberman 2007).”