Age-related differences in foreign language learning. Revisiting the empirical evidence

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CLIL in Sweden – why does it not work? A metaperspective on CLIL across contexts in Europe (2013, background): “Research on L2 learning shows that late starters benefit from their greater cognitive capacity (Cummins 1979; Muñoz 2008, 2011) and perform better on, for instance, grammar (Muñoz 2011).”
Foreign Language Competence in Content and Language Integrated Courses (2008, background): “Although research undertaken in naturalistic settings confirms that young starters ultimately achieve higher competence in the L2, studies carried out in school settings are not so definitive and, in fact, they usually conclude that older starters show a faster rate of acquisition [ 7 ].”
Age Effects in Second Language Learning: Stepping Stones Toward Better Understanding (2013, background): “…if studies aim to make any educational pronouncements, research needs to be conducted in the relevant educational contexts, for instance in foreign language classes if that is the sphere of interest for policy or practice applications (cf. Hyltenstam & Abrahamsson, 2001; Muñoz, 2006, 2007, 2008a).”