Enduring Links From Childhood Mathematics and Reading Achievement to Adult Socioeconomic Status

By Stuart J. Ritchie, Timothy C. Bates. Psychology Science, 2013

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Self-determination and STEM education: Effects of autonomy, motivation, and self-regulated learning on high school math achievement (2015, background): “Education and academic achievement are key pathways to personal and professional success, and have become gatekeepers to institutions of higher education, career paths, occupational attainments, and individual life trajectories (Ritchie & Bates, 2013; von Stumm, Hell, & Chamorro-Premuzic, 2011).”
Conceptual knowledge of fraction arithmetic. (2015, background): “Especially striking, mathematics achievement at age 7 predicts SES at age 42, even after statistically controlling for SES at birth, reading achievement, IQ, academic motivation, and years of education (Ritchie & Bates, 2013).”
Not Just IQ: Patterning Predicts Preschoolers’ Math Knowledge Beyond Fluid Reasoning (2019, background): “Further, better math knowledge is associated with higher incomes, attainment of more prestigious careers, and better healthcare decisions (Lipkus & Peters, 2009; Ritchie & Bates, 2013; Shapka, Domene, & Keating, 2006).”