Effectiveness and Efficiency of Flashcard Drill Instructional Methods on Urban First-Graders' Word Recognition, Acquisition, Maintenance, and Generalization

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An Analysis of Learning Rate and Curricular Scope: Caution When Choosing Academic Interventions Based on Aggregated Outcomes (2015, background): “…found that altering traditional flashcard procedures by incorporating interspersal procedures may enhance sight-word learning (e.g., words acquired and maintained); however, because interspersal procedures take additional time, learning rates were slowed (Joseph & Nist, 2006; Nist & Joseph, 2008).”
Theoretical and Applied Implications of Precisely Measuring Learning Rates (2008, background): “Their study has strong applied value because they compared three strategies and assessed changes in learn- Correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Christopher H. Skinner, The University of Tennessee, BEC 525, Knoxville, TN 37996-3452; E-mail: cskinne1@utk.edu Copyright 2008 by t”