Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells

By Yan Shi, J. Evans, K. Rock. Nature, 2003

1,809 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e453c788932c5127d219cda1219a622b8019dd9f

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In Immunology

Citations in the corpus

Uric acid and inflammatory markers. (2006, background): “Studies have demonstrated that after cellular death or injury, the degradation of nucleotides into UA serves as an endogenous ‘danger signal’ for the maturation and immunostimulatory action of dendritic cells.(24) In experimental studies, UA stimulates the release of chemokine monocyte chemoattracta”
Necrotic death as a cell fate. (2006, background): “Other immunostimulatory molecules that are released by necrotic cells include adenine phosphate (Srinivas et al. 2002; Rich et al. 2003), uric acid (Shi et al. 2003), and heat-shock proteins (Sauter et al. 2000; Berwin et al. 2001; Somersan et al. 2001).”
IMMUNE TOLERANCE INDUCTION BY APOPTOTIC CELLS REQUIRES CASPASE-DEPENDENT OXIDATION OF HMGB1 (2008, background): “Other mediators, such as uric acid (Shi et al., 2003), calreticulin (Obeid et al., 2007a; Obeid et al., 2007b), and HSP70 (Millar et al., 2003), can also stimulate the immunological response.”
Mechanisms of Action of Adjuvants (2013, background): “Molecules associated with tissue damage such as uric acid, nucleotides, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reactive oxygen intermediates, and cytokines are released at the injection site due to tissue damage (Shi et al., 2003).”
Uric Acid: The Oxidant-Antioxidant Paradox (2008, background): “We can speculate that this effect might be related to the recently discovered biological role of uric acid as a molecular signal, which alerts the immune system of dying cells.[55] This response is mediated by activation of the IL-1 receptor coupled with the myeloid differentiation primary response ”
Sterile inflammation: sensing and reacting to damage (2010, background): “For example, a reduction of uric acid, which is released from dying cells and has adjuvant activity in vivo”
Pyroptosis: host cell death and inflammation (2009, background): “Uric acid released from necrotic cells enhances cross-presentation and generation of CD8 + T cells that are specific for exogenous antigen”
The Inflammasome: A Caspase-1 Activation Platform Regulating Immune Responses and Disease Pathogenesis (2009, background): “Uric acid has been identified as an endogenous 'danger' signal released by necrotic cells able to activate adaptive immune response”
Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells in pro-survival factors enhance function of infarcted rat hearts (2007, methodology): “None of the following modifications resulted in improved engraftment: (i) induction of infarcts by 60 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion, to reduce the severity of ischemia in the infarct zone, (ii) overexpression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Akt in graft cells by adenoviral transduc”
The inflammatory response to cell death. (2008, background): “However, uric acid was identified as a mediator released from necrotic or apoptotic cells that had adjuvant properties (immunostimulatory properties) in vivo (39) (see section Beyond inflammation: cell death and adaptive immune responses).”
Necrotic cells trigger a sterile inflammatory response through the Nlrp3 inflammasome (2009, background): “Given its association with cellular damage, it was possible that liberated uric acid (monosodium urate; MSU) from pressure-disrupted B16 cells was responsible for Nlrp3 inflammasome activation (11, 17).”
Immunogenic cell death and DAMPs in cancer therapy (2012, background): “These authors showed that a recombinant N-terminal fragment of CRT (39-272) is a potent inducer of activation and maturation of B cells and macrophages and can trigger Ig class switching in B cells without T cell help in vitro and in vivo72.”