Mechanisms of Action of Adjuvants
By Sunita Awate, L. Babiuk, G. Mutwiri. Frontiers in Immunology, 2013
676 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Adjuvants are used in many vaccines, but their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Studies from the past decade on adjuvant mechanisms are slowly revealing the secrets of adjuvant activity. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants. Adjuvants may act by a combination of various mechanisms including formation of depot, induction of cytokines and chemokines, recruitment of immune cells, enhancement of antigen uptake and presentation, and promoting antigen transport to draining lymph nodes. It appears that adjuvants activate innate immune responses to create a local immuno-competent environment at the injection site. Depending on the type of innate responses activated, adjuvants can alter the quality and quantity of adaptive immune responses. Understanding the mechanisms of action of adjuvants will provide critical information on how innate immunity influences the development of adaptive immunity, help in rational design of vaccines against various diseases, and can inform on adjuvant safety.
Subfields: Immunology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d658752a9f6b452dbdfd66c08648ac2b6ecbe716
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Citations in the corpus
- Peptide Vaccine: Progress and Challenges (2014, background): “In 1936, Freund developed an emulsion of water and mineral oil including killed mycobacteria, known as Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA), a gold standard adjuvant for efficacy [83].”
- Challenges and Recent Progress in Oral Drug Delivery Systems for Biopharmaceuticals (2019, background): “This is due to the difficulties associated with inducing effective immune responses via IV administration, since the IV route does not provide an adequate local depot of antigens to stimulate/activate the innate immune response and induce the long-term secretion of antibodies [25].”